基于三阶段DEA的我国中医类医院运行效率研究

目的 分析2019年我国中医类医院的运行效率。方法 收集《2019年全国中医药统计摘编》《2020中国卫生统计年鉴》《2020中国统计年鉴》中相关数据，将卫生技术人员数、医院机构数以及床位数设为投入指标，将诊疗人次数和出院人数设为产出指标，将人均GDP、人口密度、中医机构财政拨款以及城镇人口数设为环境变量。使用三阶段数据包络分析（data envelopment analysis, DEA）方法剔除环境与随机误差对效率的影响，得到更为准确的效率值。结果 经过三阶段DEA分析，我国中医类医院运行的综合技术效率为0.838，纯技术效率为0.926，规模效率为0.900。上海、广东、四川等8地达到了有效状态。北京、天津等19个省份的综合技术效率有所上升，而青海、宁夏、新疆等8个省份的综合技术效率值有所下降。结论 剔除环境与随机误差影响后，DEA有效的城市增多，不同的环境因素对效率的影响不同，区域与省际间中医类医院的运行效率有差异。

Research on the operation efficiency of Chinese traditional medicine hospitals based on three-stage DEA

Objective To analyze the operational efficiency of Chinese traditional medicine hospitals in 2019. Methods The relevant data in the national statistics of traditional Chinese medicine in 2019, China Health Statistics Yearbook 2020, and China Statistics Yearbook 2020 were collected. The number of health technicians, the number of hospital institutions, and the number of beds were set as input indicators. The number of medical treatments and the number of discharged patients were set as output indicators, and the per capita GDP, population density, financial allocation of traditional Chinese medicine institutions, and the number of urban population were set as environmental variables. The three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to eliminate the influence of environment and random error on efficiency, to obtain more accurate efficiency value. Results Through three-stage DEA analysis, the comprehensive technical efficiency, the pure technical efficiency, and the scale efficiency of Chinese medicine hospitals were 0.838, 0.926, and 0.900, respectively. Eight provinces including Shanghai, Guangdong, and Sichuan, reached effective status. The comprehensive technical efficiency of 19 provinces such as Beijing and Tianjin increased, while the comprehensive technical efficiency of eight provinces such as Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang decreased. Conclusion After excluding the influence of environment and random error, the number of cities with effective DEA increases. Different environmental factors have different effects on the efficiency, and the operation efficiency varies between regional and provincial hospitals.