Effects of footwear on treadmill running biomechanics in preadolescent children |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany;2. Orthopaedic Department, The Royal Children''s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;3. Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany;4. Department of Sports Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany;1. Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 76, rue d’Eich, L-1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;2. NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands;3. Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 78, rue d’Eich, L-1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;4. ATO-gear, 20, Torenallee, 5617 BC, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia;2. Postgraduate Medical Institute, Faculty of Health, Social Care & Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England, United Kingdom;3. The University of Sydney and The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia;4. Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;5. Chair Health Innovation and Technology, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | While recent research debates the topic of natural running in adolescents and adults, little is known about the influence of footwear on running patterns in children. The purpose of this study was to compare shod and barefoot running gait biomechanics in preadolescent children. Kinematic and ground reaction force data of 36 normally developed children aged 6–9 years were collected during running on an instrumented treadmill. Running conditions were randomized for each child in order to compare barefoot running with two different shod conditions: a cushioned and a minimalistic running shoe. Primary outcome was the ankle angle at foot strike. Secondary outcomes were knee angle, maximum and impact ground reaction forces, presence of rear-foot strike, step width, step length and cadence. Ankle angle at foot strike differed with statistical significance (p < 0.001) between conditions. Running barefoot reduced the ankle angle at foot strike by 5.97° [95% CI, 4.19; 7.75] for 8 km h−1 and 6.18° [95% CI, 4.38; 7.97] for 10 km h−1 compared to the cushioned shoe condition. Compared to the minimalistic shoe condition, running barefoot reduced the angle by 1.94° [95% CI, 0.19°; 3.69°] for 8 km h−1 and 1.38° [95% CI, −3.14°; 0.39°] for 10 km h−1. Additionally, using footwear significantly increased maximum and impact ground reaction forces, step length, step width and rate of rear-foot strike. In conclusion, preadolescent running biomechanics are influenced by footwear, especially by cushioned running shoes. Health professionals and parents should keep this in mind when considering footwear for children. |
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| Keywords: | Barefoot running Children Footstrike Footwear Running biomechanics |
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