西宁市居民的肿瘤防治健康素养现况调查

目的 了解西宁市居民肿瘤防治健康素养现况,为当地制定肿瘤防控策略及措施提供科学依据。方法 2021年6至8月,通过整群方便抽样在西宁市5个社区对1 036名居民进行肿瘤防治健康素养问卷调查,采用χ²、Fisher精确检验比较不同特征的居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平差异。结果 西宁市居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平为63.3%。各维度分析显示,肿瘤预防意识相关问题的正确回答率范围为43.0%～94.0%,其中,饮食及锻炼因素等问题的正确回答率最高,超88%,女性针对雌激素会增加患乳腺癌风险的预防意识最低,仅43.0%; 早发现意识中,34%的居民自评有患癌风险,有风险人群考虑肿瘤筛查者占83.8%,近五年参加体检者占79.3%,但体检项目包含肿瘤筛查的比例为46.2%; 早诊断意识中,90.7%的居民发现异常结果后会选择进一步检查; 早治疗意识中,88.4%的居民若被确诊为癌前病变或癌症时会选择积极治疗; 居民对肿瘤防治知识的需求度为79.0%。不同年龄、性别、文化程度、职业及自评患癌风险者的健康素养水平有差异。结论 西宁市居民肿瘤防治健康素养达到一定水平,但仍有较大提升空间。居民肿瘤预防意识、早发现意识有待提升,早诊早治意识水平较高,对肿瘤防治知识、筛查的需求度大,需加大肿瘤防治知识普及及相关防控措施落实的力度。

Investigation on the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Xining

Objective To understand the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among Xining residents, and to provide a scientific basis for local government to formulate cancer prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods From June to August 2021, a questionnaire survey on the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment was conducted among 1036 residents in 5 communities of Xining City by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. The χ² and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the level of health literacy among residents with different characteristics. Results The health literacy level of the cancer prevention and treatment among Xining residents was 63.3%. Analysis of various dimensions showed that the correct answer rates of questions related to the cancer prevention consciousness ranged from 43.0% to 94.0%. Among them, the correct answer rate for questions such as dietary and exercise factors was the highest, exceeding 88%, and women’s prevention awareness of estrogen increasing the risk of breast cancer was the lowest, only 43.0%. About early discovery awareness, there were 34% of total study population with self-reported cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 83.8% considered cancer screening. In the past five years, 79.3% of residents participated in physical examination. Among them, 46.2% participated in cancer screening. About early diagnosis awareness, as for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 90.7% of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. About early treatment awareness, with the assumption of being diagnosed as pre-cancer or cancer, 88.4% of residents would accept active treatment; The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.0%. There were differences in the health literacy levels of people with different age, gender, educational level, occupation and self-assessed cancer risk. Conclusion The health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of Xining residents has reached a certain level, but there is still room for improvement. The consciousness of the cancer prevention and early discovery should be improved and the consciousness of the early diagnosis and treatment was relatively high. There was a high demand for the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and cancer screening among residents in Xining. It is necessary to strengthen the popularization of cancer knowledge and the implementation of related prevention and control measures.