2016—2020年常州市脑卒中发病流行特征及趋势分析

目的 分析2016—2020常州市脑卒中发病特点及其变化趋势。方法 收集2016—2020年常州市户籍人口的脑卒中发病资料，采用疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第10版（ICD - 10）对发病资料进行分类，分别计算粗发病率、标化发病率、年度变化百分比。结果 2016—2020年常州市脑卒中共报告103 222例，其中男性55 522例，女性47 700例，男女性别比1.16∶1；脑卒中年均粗发病率539.91/10万，男性粗发病率591.29/10万，女性粗发病率490.40/10万，每年男性粗发病率均高于女性（χ2 = 70.589、141.946、123.452 、278.163、376.148, 均P＜0.05）；2016—2020年，女性标化发病率呈下降趋势（APC = - 4.86%，t = 3.593，P＜0.05）；总人群平均发病年龄为（71.43±11.69）岁，男性（69.59±11.93）岁，女性（72.93±11.15）岁，随着年龄的增长，脑卒中发病率呈线性上升趋势（P＜0.05）；发病类型主要以脑梗死为主，为86 656例（83.95%），发病率为453.25/10万；不同季节的脑卒中发病率具有统计学差异（χ2 = 99.859、P＜0.05）。结论 脑卒中已成为影响常州市居民健康的重要疾病，男性、中老年人群应作为防控脑卒中的重点干预人群，需加强综合性防控措施降低高危人群的发病风险。

Analysis of the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of stroke in Changzhou from 2016 to 2020

Objective To analyze incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of stroke in Changzhou from 2016 to 2020. Methods Information on stroke incidence in the household population of Changzhou from 2016 to 2020 was collected, and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th edition(ICD-10) was used to classify the incidence data and calculate the crude incidence rate, standardized incidence rate, and annual percentage change (APC), respectively. Results A total of 103 222 stroke cases were reported in Changzhou from 2016 to 2020, including 55 522 males and 47 700 females, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.16:1. The average annual crude incidence rate of stroke was 539.91/100 000, with a crude incidence rate of 591.29/100 000 in men and 490.40/100 000 in women. The crude incidence rate was higher in males than in females (χ2=70.589, χ2=141.946, χ2=123.452, χ2=278.163, χ2=376.148, all P<0.05). The standardized incidence rate in females showed a decreasing trend from 2016 to 2020 (APC=-4.86%, t=3.593, P<0.05). The mean age of onset was (71.43±11.69) years for the total population, (69.59±11.93) years for men and (72.93±11.15) years for women, with a linear increasing trend in stroke incidence with age (P<0.05). The main type of incidence was cerebral infarction (86 656 cases, 83.95%), with the incidence rate being 453.25/100 000. The incidence of stroke in different seasons was statistically significant (χ2=99.859, P<0.05). Conclusion Stroke has become an important disease affecting the health of Changzhou residents. Men, middle-aged and elderly people should be the key intervention groups for stroke prevention and control, and comprehensive prevention and control measures need to be strengthened to reduce the risk.