2019—2021年陕西省市售蔬菜中农药残留状况调查及膳食摄入风险评估

目的 调查分析陕西省市售蔬菜中杀虫剂和杀菌剂类农药残留状况,明确当地蔬菜中农药潜在的膳食暴露风险情况。方法 采集2019—2021年陕西省10个地市共7大类469份市售蔬菜样本,采用GC-MS法和LC-MS法分别对蔬菜中15种杀虫剂和14种杀菌剂残留量进行检测,依据GB 2763—2021评价多组分农残的检出和超标状况。采用点评估法对各类农药残留进行急性、慢性膳食摄入风险评估,通过食品安全指数模型对检出农药开展总体危害程度评估。 结果 本次监测的27种农药除甲拌磷亚砜无检出外,其余项目均有不同程度的检出,检出率在0.22%～21.41%,共8份样本3种农药残留超标,超标率在0.22%～1.28%,且有禁用限用农药检出。不同地区、不同蔬菜品种中农药残留检出率、超标率均有差异。各类农药的急性和慢性膳食摄入风险值均小于100%,单项农药的食品安全指数均小于1,蔬菜总体食品安全指数小于1。 结论 陕西省市售蔬菜中农药残留检出率较高,但超标率较低,整体合格率高,本次监测的蔬菜膳食摄入风险在可接受范围内,整体安全质量良好。

Pesticide residues in commercially available vegetables and risk assessment of dietary intake,Shaanxi, 2019-2021

Objective To investigate and analyze pesticide residues in vegetables in Shaanxi Province, and to clarify the exposure risk of pesticides in vegetables. Methods A total of 469 local vegetable samples were collected from 10 cities in Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021. GC-MS and LC-MS were used to detect the residues of 15 insecticides and 14 bactericides respectively to evaluate the detection rate and over-standard rate of multi-component pesticide residues in vegetables according to GB 2763—2021. The point assessment method was used to assess the acute and chronic dietary exposure risk of all kinds of pesticide residues, and the food safety index model was used to assess the overall harm degree of detected pesticides. Results All the 27 pesticides, except for Phorate-sulfoxide, were detected in different degrees, with the detection rate ranging from 0.22% to 21.41%. There were 8 samples with 3 pesticide residues exceeding the standard, with the detection rate ranging from 0.22% to 1.28%, and some forbidden and limited pesticides were detected. The detection rate and over-standard rate of pesticide residues were different in different regions and vegetable varieties. The risk values of acute and chronic dietary intake of all pesticides were less than 100%, the food safety index of single pesticide was less than 1, and the overall food safety index of vegetables was less than 1. Conclusion The detection rate of pesticide residues in commercial vegetables in Shaanxi province is high, but the over-standard rate is low, and the percent of pass is high. The risk of dietary intake of vegetables monitored this time is within an acceptable range, and the safety and quality are good.