海南省居家老年人长期照护服务需求调查研究

目的 了解海南省社区居家老年人长期照护服务需求现状及其影响因素，为完善精准供给策略提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取海南省10个市县2 346例老年人进行问卷调查；采用单因素及多重线性回归分析方法分析影响老年人长期照护服务需求的因素。结果 老年人长期照护服务需求总得分为（39.96±4.71），其中，医疗保健服务需求子维度得分最高（13.35±2.21）；社会参与需求子维度得分最低（7.70±1.34）。单因素分析结果显示:性别（t = - 2.892）、年龄（F = 54.328）、户籍类型（t = - 2.749）、户籍地（t = 2.604）、婚姻状况（t = - 4.869）和文化程度（F = 10.823）对长期照护服务需求总得分有影响，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多重线性回归分析结果显示:性别（β = 0.530，95%CI:0.150～0.910）、年龄（β = 1.175，95%CI:0.908～1.443）、户籍类型（β = 0.463，95%CI:0.074～0.852）、户籍地（β = - 0.691，95%CI: - 1.356～ - 0.026）和婚姻状况（β = 0.620，95%CI:0.098～1.142）是长期照护服务需求总得分的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 不同特征老年人长期照护服务需求具有差异性，应以多样化多层次需求为导向，实现社区居家长期照护服务的精准化供给。

A survey on the demand of long-term care service in Hainan Province

Objective To understand the current situation of the demand for long-term care services for the elderly at home in the community of Hainan Province and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference basis for improving the precise supply strategy. Methods A total of 2 346 elderly people from 10 cities and counties of Hainan Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling. The t test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results The total score of elderly people’s demand for long-term care services was (39.96±4.71), among which the highest score (13.35±2.21) was for the sub-dimension of demand for health care services and the lowest score (7.70±1.34) was for the sub-dimension of demand for social participation. The results of univariate analysis showed that gender (t=-2.892), age (F=54.328), type of household registration (t=-2.749), place of household registration (t=2.604), marital status (t=-4.869), and education level (F=10.823) had effects on the total demand for long-term care services score, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender (β=0.530, 95%CI: 0.150 to 0.910), age (β=1.175, 95%CI: 0.908 to 1.443), type of household registration (β=0.463, 95%CI: 0.074 to 0.852), place of household registration (β=-0.691, 95%CI: -1.356 to -0.026) and marital status (β=0.620, 95%CI: 0.098 to 1.142) were factors influencing the total demand score for long-term care services (P<0.05). Conclusion The demand for long-term care services for older adults with different characteristics is variable, and the precise supply of community-based long-term care services at home should be provided according to diverse and multi-level needs.