我国农村地区60~79岁人群糖尿病前期与膳食模式的相关性

目的 分析我国农村老年人不同膳食模式及其他影响因素与糖尿病前期的关系。 方法 选取2010―2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中的4 577名60~79岁的农村人群作为研究对象。采用食物频率调查问卷进行膳食调查，采用因子分析法提取膳食模式，并运用Logistic回归分析模型分析膳食模式与糖尿病前期之间的关系；应用分类树模型分析糖尿病前期的影响因素。 结果 因子分析得到3种膳食模式，分别为面食杂粮模式、水果蔬菜模式和水产豆蛋模式；Logistic回归分析模型分析发现面食杂粮模式与水产豆蛋模式存在交互作用，其中面食杂粮模式T3水平且水产豆蛋模式T1水平与糖尿病前期低风险相关（OR=0.518，95% CI：0.328~0.819），而面食杂粮模式T1水平且水产豆蛋模式T4水平与糖尿病前期高风险相关（OR=2.060，95% CI：1.347~3.151）；分类树模型筛选出8个影响因素：中心性肥胖、体重指数（body mass index，BMI）、收入水平、年龄、水产豆蛋模式、面食杂粮模式、水果蔬菜模式和饮酒，以及3个农村老年人糖尿病前期高危人群。 结论 膳食因素与糖尿病前期密切相关，采用平衡膳食，保持健康体重和良好的生活习惯有助于降低农村老年人糖尿病前期的发病风险。

Association between prediabetes and dietsry patterns for the elderly in rural China

  Objective   We aimed to find out the dietary patterns and analyze the relationship between influencing factors (especially dietary patterns) and prediabetes in Chinese rural elderly.   Methods   Data were obtained from the Chinese nutrition and health surveillance during 2010 to 2012, and a total of 4 577 participants aged 60~79 years old were included. A food frequency questionnaire was performed to conduct a dietary survey. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, while Logistic regression models were used to analyze relationship between dietary patterns and prediabetes. In addition, classification tree model was applied to analyze the influencing factors of prediabetes.   Results   Three dietary patterns were found among the elderly participants by factor analysis, including the wheat-coarse cereals, fruit-vegetables, and aquatic-beans-eggs patterns. The result of Logistic analysis showed that there was an interaction between wheat-coarse cereals pattern and aquatic-beans-eggs pattern.In detail, the T3 level of wheat-coarse cereals pattern and the T1 level of aquatic-beans-eggs pattern was associated with low risk of prediabetes(OR=0.518, 95% CI:0.328-0.819), while the T1 level of wheat-coarse cereals pattern and the T4 level of aquatic-beans-eggs pattern was associated with high risk of prediabetes(OR=2.060, 95% CI:1.347-3.151). In addition, eight influencing factors and three group at high-risk for prediabetes were identified by classification tree model. The influencing factors were central obesity, BMI, income, age, aquatic-beans-eggs pattern, wheat-coarse cereals pattern, fruit-vegetables pattern, and drinking.   Conclusions   Our results suggest that dietary factors are closed related to prediabetes, and adopting a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight and good living habits may help to reduce the risk of prediabetes in chinese rural eldery.