山东省2016-2017年人群烟草使用及其影响因素调查

目的 了解山东省人群烟草使用现状以及主要影响因素。方法 运用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，在山东省36个区（县）216个村（居委会）抽取调查对象，使用非条件logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 有效调查6 271人，经过复杂加权计算后，≥ 15岁人群现在吸烟率为23.93%，其中男性为45.58%，女性为1.18%；不同年龄组人群现在吸烟率差别较大，45~64岁年龄组现在吸烟率最高（25.07%）；不同文化程度人群吸烟率不同，初中文化程度者现在吸烟率最高（28.94%）；农村现在吸烟率（24.98%）高于城市（23.08%）；现在每日吸烟率为20.23%，吸烟者开始吸烟平均年龄为21.21岁，日平均吸机制卷烟量为16.31支；在调查所有曾经和现在吸烟者中，戒烟率为20.79%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、年龄、职业、地区、健康知识得分与吸烟行为存在关联。男性现在吸烟率高于女性（OR=49.625，95%CI：37.832~65.093），45~64岁组现在吸烟率高于15~24岁组（OR=1.830，95%CI：1.048~3.194），农林牧渔从业者现在吸烟率分别高于医务人员（OR=0.403，95%CI：0.187~0.866）和离退休人员（OR=0.648，95%CI：0.481~0.873），中部地区居民现在吸烟率低于东部（OR=0.724，95%CI：0.606~0.865），吸烟危害健康知识得分1~3分组现在吸烟率高于4~6分组（OR=1.432，95%CI：1.240~1.654）。结论 山东省人群吸烟率处于较高水平，应对吸烟者开展控烟健康教育等综合性干预措施，以降低人群吸烟率。

Survey on tobacco use and associated factors in population in Shandong province, 2016-2017

Objective To understand the status of tobacco use and related influencing factors in population in Shandong province. Methods Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select respondents from 216 villages (communities) of 36 districts (counties) in Shandong province. Influencing factors on smoking were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results The adequate sample size was 6 271 participants. After complex weighted, the current smoking prevalence was 23.93%,45.58% in males and 1.18% in females. The Public''s smoking rates varied widely among different groups in the population. 45-64 age group had the highest smoking rate (25.07%). Smoking rates were substantially different in education levels, with the highest in junior high school (28.94%). The rate was higher in the rural area (24.98%) than that in the urban areas (23.08%). The average daily smoking rate was 20.23%. The average age of initiating smoking was 21.21 years. The average daily cigarette intake was 16.31 cigarettes. Among all the former and current smokers, the quitting rate was 20.79%. Multiple logistic regression model analysis showed that gender, age, occupation, region, and health knowledge score were correlated with smoking behavior. The current smoking rate of men was much higher than that of women (OR=49.625, 95%CI:37.832-65.093). The current smoking rate in 45-64 age group was higher than that in the 15-24 age group (OR=1.830, 95%CI:1.048-3.194). The current smoking rate of medical (OR=0.403, 95%CI:0.187-0.866) and retired personnel (OR=0.648, 95%CI:0.481-0.873) were lower than those engaging in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and the fishery,respectively. The prevalence of residents living in the central part showed lower rate on current smoking than that in the eastern region (OR=0.724, 95%CI:0.606-0.865). The current smoking prevalence of smoke hazard in 1-3 score group was higher than that in the group with 4-6 score (OR=1.432, 95%CI:1.240-1.654). Conclusions Smoking rate in adults in Shandong remained stable and at a high level. Comprehensive intervention measures such as tobacco control and health education should be carried out to reduce the smoking rate.