27例原发性胆汁性肝硬化的组织病理学特征

目的 总结原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）患者的临床及病理组织学特点。方法 对27例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者的临床资料进行分析，重点讨论其肝脏组织病理学特点。结果 本组男、女之比为1：8（3：24），年龄22－69岁。其主要临床症状为乏力（62．9％，17／27），其次为黄疸（59．2％，16／27）和皮肤瘙痒（29．6％，8／27）。患者的血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及γ－谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）均明显升高，95．8％的患者（23／27）抗线粒体抗体或线粒体抗体M2亚型阳性。肝组织病理学特点为：小叶间胆管变性坏死、基底膜不完整，周围有淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润（66％，18／27）；汇管区淋巴细胞聚集（100％，27／27）或淋巴滤泡形成（15％，4／27）；肉芽肿形成（26％，7／27）及小叶间胆管减少；细小胆管增生（55％，15／27），肝细胞羽毛状变性（59％，16／27）；肝细胞内胆色素沉积和（或）毛细胆管胆栓形成（52％，14／27）；纤维组织增生，小叶结构紊乱（26％，7／27），假小叶形成（11％，3／27）。结论 乏力、皮肤瘙痒及血清ALP、GGT升高及抗线粒体抗体阳性是PBC的主要临床特征；而小叶间胆管炎、胆管数目减少，汇管区淋巴细胞聚集、肉芽肿形成、细小胆管增生，以及肝细胞羽毛状变性是PBC的主要病理特点。

Histopathological features of 27 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and histopathological features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: The clinical, laboratory, as well as histological features of 27 cases of PBC were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1:8 (3:24), aged from 22 to 69 years. The main clinical manifestations included: fatigue (62.9%, 17/27), jaundice (59.2%, 16/27) and pruritus (29.6%, 8/27), with all of patients having markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and 95.8% (23/27) of the patients being positive for anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA). The main histopathological changes were: necroinflammation of interlobular bile ducts (100%, 27/27), lymphocyte aggregation or lymphocyte follicles (15%, 4/27), granuloma (26%, 7/27), decreased number of interlobular bile ducts and smaller bile duct proliferation (55%, 15/27), feathery degeneration of hepatocytes (59%, 16/27); bilirubinostasis in hepatocytes and/or canaliculi (52%, 14/27); fibrosis and distortion of lobules (26%, 7/27), pseudolobular formation (11%, 3/27). CONCLUSIONS: The main clinical features of PBS are fatigue and pruritus, markedly elevated phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and positive AMA with or without jaundice. Its histopathological hallmarks are (1)necroinflammmation and ductopenia involved mainly in interlobular bile ducts; (2)lymphocyte aggregation, granuloma formation and bile ductular proliferation in the portal area; and (3)feathery degeneration of hepatocytes.