医学营养治疗对糖代谢异常妊娠期患者增重及新生儿出生体重的影响

目的 探讨医学营养治疗（MNT）对糖代谢异常妊娠期患者增重及新生儿出生体重的影响。方法 2005年5月至2005年10月对北京妇产医院诊断为糖代谢异常的单胎孕妇106例在产科营养门诊接受医学营养治疗，在进行总热量控制的基础上，使用等食品交换份结合血糖生成指数的方法，把同期未接受该方法而采用传统营养治疗方法的糖代谢异常孕妇96例作为对照组，比较两组孕妇的体重增长、体重指数（BMI）的增长及新生儿体重增长情况。结果 两组巨大儿的发生率分别为8．49％、13．54％，研究组巨大儿的发生率有所下降；两组比较孕妇妊娠期体重增长、每周体重增长、BMI增加、每周BMI增加差异均有显著性；新生儿体重有所下降，但差异无显著性。结论 对妊娠糖代谢异常患者进行科学、合理的营养治疗，妊娠期体重增加明显减少，新生儿体重在合适范围，对孕妇妊娠期体重增长的管理有提示作用。

Influences of new medical nutrition therapy on pregnancy weight gain and neonatal birth weight of pregnancy women with abnormal glucose metabolism

Objective To investigate the impact of a new medical nutrition therapy on pregnancy weight gain and neonatal birth weight of pregnancy women with abnormal glucose metabolism.Methods Totally 106 cases of single pregnancy women with GDM or GIGT, who had accepted medical nutrition therapy from Beijing Obstetric and Gynecology Hospital from May,2005 to October, 2005 were considered as study subjects. A new method combining food exchange list with glycemic index based on controlling individual total dietary energy intake was used; 96 cases of single pregnancy women with GDM or GIGT receiving traditional nutrition therapy were as control group.Results The incidence of macrosomia (8.49%) in the study group was lower than that of the control group(13.54%), but no significant difference was shown between two groups; the level of pregnancy weight gain, neonatal birth weight and body mass index was lower in the study group than those of the control group; neonatal birth weight did not show significant difference between two groups.Conclusion A reasonable nutrition therapy for pregnancy women with GDM or GIGT significantly decrease pregnancy weight gain,obtain appropriate neonatal birth weight and would have a good reference to manage pregnancy weight gain.