来曲唑有效提高性发育异常男性患儿的睾酮水平

目的: 评价第三代非甾体类芳香化酶抑制剂来曲唑治疗男性性发育异常（DSD）患儿的疗效和安全性。方法: 收集2014年1月至2016年1月就诊于北京协和医院内分泌科门诊的男性DSD患儿12例，来曲唑治疗（1.25~2.5 mg，1次/d）不少于3个月，随访半年至2.5年。采集其临床资料及实验室检查结果，比较治疗前后激素水平及生化指标的差异，并观察治疗中的不良反应。结果: 本组患儿来曲唑治疗的平均年龄为（14.6±2.5）岁。来曲唑治疗半年后患者血促性腺激素黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）及睾酮水平较基线升高（均P < 0.05），雌二醇水平较基线下降（P < 0.05）；治疗1年后患者睾酮水平较基线高（P < 0.05），LH及FSH水平较基线高，雌二醇水平较基线下降，但差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。8例患儿进行精液常规检测，其中3例尿道下裂患儿精液中可检测到精子。所有患儿治疗前后生化检查无明显变化，用药后无明显不良反应。结论: 来曲唑可有效提高DSD患儿的睾酮水平，促进精子生成，且短期应用未见明显不良反应。

Efficacy and safety of letrozole in treatment of male children with disorders of sex development

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of aromatase inhibitor letrozole in treatment of male children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: Clinical data of 12 male DSD children with a mean age of 14.6±2.5 years admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated with letrozole (1.25-2.5 mg, once a day) for 3 months or longer, and followed up for 0.5-2.5 years. Clinical manifestation and laboratory test findings were documented, and the efficacy and safety were evaluated. Results: After half-year treatment, the blood luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels of patients increased (all P < 0.05), and estrogen levels decreased from baseline (P < 0.05). After 1 year of treatment, the blood testosterone level was significantly higher (P < 0.05); the LH and FSH levels tended to increase and the estrogen level tended to decrease, but there was no significant statistical difference (P>0.05). Semen was routinely detected in 8 patients, and sperms were detected in semen of 3 patients with hypospadias. There were no significant changes in biochemical results after treatment, and no significant adverse event was observed during the treatment. Conclusion: Letrozole can effectively increase testosterone levels in patients with disorders of sex development and promote spermatogenesis, it has no significant adverse effects in short-term administration.