2015—2018年珠海市中小学校教室光环境现状调查

目的了解珠海市中小学校教室采光照明情况,为改善学校采光照明环境提供参考。方法依据《学校卫生综合评价》(GB/T 18205-2012),2015—2018年对珠海市217所中小学校的1 302间教室进行现场监测和分析。结果 2015—2018年监测的教室采光系数、窗地面积比、后墙反射比和黑板反射比的合格率分别为50.8%、91.6%、37.9%和30.2%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。教室朝向、采光方向、课桌面平均照度、课桌面照度均匀度、黑板面平均照度、黑板面照度均匀度、教室灯管(灯桌间距、控照式灯具和灯管垂直黑板)的合格率分别为74.5%、90.5%、24.1%、66.1%、0.5%、31.4%、99.4%、35.6%和86.9%,不同年度间、中小学间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);除黑板面平均照度合格率外,公办学校的教室照明合格率均高于民办学校,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论珠海市中小学教室光环境不尽理想,尤其是民办学校教室照明存在的问题更为突出,应针对性指导学校改善采光照明环境。

Investigation of classroom luminous environment of primary and secondary schools in Zhuhai City from 2015 to 2018

Objective To find out the status of classroom daylighting and illuminance of primary and secondary schools in Zhuhai City, so as to provide the reference for improving the luminous environment conditions. Methods A total of 1 302 classrooms in 217 primary and secondary schools in Zhuhai City were detected and the results were analyzed from 2015 to 2018, according to the “Comprehensive appraisement health in school” (GB/T 18205-2012). Results The qualified rates of daylight factors, area ratio of window to floor, back wall reflectance, and blackboard reflectance were 50.8%, 91.6%, 37.9%, and 30.2% respectively, and the differences between the primary schools and secondary schools or between the public schools and private schools were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The qualified rates of classroom orientation, daylighting direction, desk surface average illuminance, uniformity ratio of desk surface illuminance, blackboard surface average illuminance, uniformity ratio of blackboard surface illuminance, and classroom lamp tubes (lamp-table spacing, controlled lamp, and lamp vertical blackboard) were 74.5%, 90.5%, 24.1%, 66.1%, 0.5%, 31.4%, 99.4%, 35.6%, and 86.9% respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant among the different years, and between the primary and secondary schools (P>0.05). Except for the qualified rate of blackboard surface average illumination, the qualified rates of the public schools were higher than those of the private schools, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion It is not so ideal that classroom luminous environment of primary and secondary schools in Zhuhai City, and it especially is more prominent for the problems of classroom illuminance in the private schools. So, the relevant functional departments should put forward corresponding solutions to guide schools to improve the luminous environment.