成都市流动人口的心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解成都市流动人口的心理健康状况并探讨其影响因素。方法 采用应答推动抽样方法,于2017年6月至2018年6月,在成都市东西南北4个方位对≥16岁的非成都市户籍务工人员进行问卷调查,收集调查对象的社会人口学和心理健康状况信息;心理健康状况采用一般健康问卷12项(GHQ-12)进行评估,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析心理健康状况的影响因素。结果 纳入2392名流动人口,GHQ-12平均得分为(1.09±1.61)分;心理问题检出率为7.11%,不良心理状态主要表现为担心、焦虑和紧张。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥55岁(OR=0.425,95%CI=0.213~0.847)、初中学历(OR=0.541,95%CI=0.356~0.824)、居住时长≥5 年(5~9年:OR=0.603,95%CI=0.394~0.923;≥10年:OR=0.534,95%CI=0.346~0.823)、个人年收入≥18 000元(18 000~35 999元:OR=0.524,95%CI=0.328~0.836;36 000~59 999元:OR=0.327,95%CI=0.190~0.565;≥60 000元:OR=0.356,95%CI=0.192~0.662)、与雇主关系好(OR=0.519,95%CI=0.363~0.742)是成都市流动人口心理健康的保护因素。离婚/丧偶(OR=2.351,95%CI=1.341~4.124)、5年后的居留意愿为回家乡(OR=1.805,95%CI=1.084~3.006)和尚未考虑去留(OR=1.844,95%CI=1.269~2.681)是成都市流动人口心理健康的危险因素。结论 成都市流动人口的心理健康水平普遍较好,但还需重点关注婚姻状况不佳、在成都归属感差的流动人口的心理健康问题,制定和完善针对流动人口的社会福利和公共服务相关政策和措施,增强流动人口的城市融入及归属感等,多方面促进流动人口的心理健康。

Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors in the Floating Population in Chengdu

Objective To investigate the mental health status of the floating population in Chengdu and explore its influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on non-Chengdu household workers over 16 years old in four directions(east,south,west,and north)of Chengdu from June 2017 to June 2018 to collect their social demographic characteristics and mental health status information through respondent driven sampling method.The 12-item general health questionnaire(GHQ-12) was used to assess the mental health status of the respondents,and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mental health.Results The average score of GHQ-12 was(1.09±1.61)and the detection rate of mental problems was 7.11%.The main mental problems were anxiety and nervousness.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that over 55 years old(OR=0.425,95%CI=0.213-0.847),junior middle school education(OR=0.541,95%CI=0.356-0.824),length of residence ≥5 years(5-9 years:OR=0.603,95%CI=0.394-0.923;≥10 years:OR=0.534,95%CI=0.346-0.823),annual income ≥18 000 yuan(18 000-35 999 yuan:OR=0.524,95%CI=0.328-0.836;36 000-59 999 yuan:OR=0.327,95%CI=0.190-0.565;≥60 000 yuan: OR=0.356,95%CI=0.192-0.662),and a good relationship with employers(OR=0.519,95%CI=0.363-0.742)were the protective factors for the mental health.Divorce/widowhood(OR=2.351,95%CI=1.341-4.124),plan to return hometown after 5 years(OR=1.805,95%CI=1.084-3.006)and not yet consideration of leaving Chengdu(OR=1.844,95%CI=1.269-2.681)were the risk factors.Conclusions The mental health of the floating population in Chengdu is generally good.However,floating individuals with poor marital status and/or poor sense of belonging to Chengdu are at higher risk of mental problems.The local government should formulate and improve the policies and measures related to social welfare and public services for the floating population and try to enhance their urban integration and sense of belonging,thus improving their mental health.