北京市64家医院重症监护病房设置与管理调查

目的调查北京市重症监护病房的种类、床位、人员配备和管理模式。方法对64家医院的126个ICU，就床位设置、人员配备及管理模式进行问卷调查。结果64家医院平均拥有1．97个ICU；平均每个ICU拥有病床8．7张；综合性ICU与专科ICU的数量及病床数相当；医生：护士：总床位=O．70：1．71：1．00；综合性ICU、呼吸ICU和儿科ICU人员配备相对其他专科ICU充足；57．9％的ICU有专职主任。结论北京市大中型医院基本均设有ICU病房，其性质为综合性与专科性并存，ICU管理模式多样，床位及人员配备既相对不足，又存在低水平重复配置的浪费。ICU应严格“进出”标准，遵循循证医学原则，控制费用，避免过度医疗和高额医疗费用。

Investigation on establishment and management of intensive care units in 64 hospitals in Beijing

Objective To investigate the sorts, bed numbers, staffing, and management modes of intensive care units (ICUs) in Beijing. Methods The information including beds, personnel and management in a total of 126 ICUs from 64 hospitals in Beijing was investigated by using questionnaire survey. Results Each hospital had an average of 1. 97 ICUs and each ICU had an average of 8. 7 beds. Both the ICU numbers and the bed numbers were equivalent in general ICUs and special ICUs. The ratio of doctor: nurse: bed was 0. 70 : 1. 71 : 1. The staff in general, respiratory and pediatric ICUs were relatively more than those in other ICUs. Totally, 57. 9% of ICUs had full-time directors. Conclusions Almost all large and medium-sized hospitals in Beijing have ICUs and the characteristic is the coexistence of general ICUs and special ICUs. The management modes of these ICUs are multiple. Beds and staffing are relatively insufficient, there also exists low-level waste of redundant configuration. ICU should formulate strict criteria for inclusion and exclusion, follow the principle of evidence-based medicine, control the expenses, and avoid overtreatment and high medical expenses.