新生儿机械通气相关性肺炎

新生儿机械通气所致的肺炎已逐渐受到重视，发生率高，尤其是上机3d以上的新生儿。其易感因素包括通气时间、污染的通气管路、抗酸剂的应用、体位及滥用抗生素等。常见致病菌主要是肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属及大肠杆菌等。必须采用综合的防治措施，有依据地选用抗生素，并注意全身支持治疗。

Neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia

Much attention has been paid to the neonatal ventilator- associated pneumonia (VAP) gradually. Incidence of VAP is high,especially in the neonatal infants with ventilation longer than 3 days. The risk factors of VAP include prolonged ventilation,contaminated ventilator circuits,application of antacid therapy,body position and abuse of antibiotics. Common pathogenic bacteria are Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter,Escherichia coli and so on. Comprehensive prevention and treatment measures including selection of antibiotics appropriately and generalized supportive therapy should be applied.