遵义市2008-2010年手足口病疫情分析

目的探讨手足口病疫情特点,为防控工作提供依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法对遵义市2008-2010年手足口病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2008-2010年累计报告手足口病10 148例,其中临床诊断病例10009例,实验室确诊病例139例,重症33例,死亡9例,年均发病率为46.61/10万。2008-2010年年发病率分别为20.97/10万、45.75/10万、78.92/10万。男女发病比为2.17∶1,发病年龄以5岁以下婴幼儿为主,占病例总数的91.22%。发病时间以4～7月为高峰,占病例总数的77.78%。散居儿童和托幼儿童分别占68.25%、24.08%。检测病例咽拭子、肛拭子标本320份,肠道病毒核酸阳性率40.31%,其中EV71型病毒核酸阳性68份,Cox A16病毒核酸阳性71份、其他肠道病毒1份。结论 2008-2010年遵义市手足口病呈逐年上升,同时存在EV71和CoxA16感染,应加强健康教育宣传和疫情监测,重点加强对托幼机构等场所的管理,开展爱国卫生整治,落实综合性防治措施控制疫情。

Epidemical analysis of Hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Zunyi from 2008 to 2009

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease,and provide evidences for prevention and control work.Method Hand-foot-and-mouth disease data of 2008 to 2010 were analyzed.Results 10 148 cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease were reported from 2008 to 2010,including 10 009 clinically diagnosed cases,139 of laboratory confirmed cases,33 of severe cases,9 patients died,the annum morbidity was 46.61/100 000.Annual incidence rate for 2008 to 2010 were 20.97/100 000,45.75/100 000 and 78.92/100 000.The sex ratio of male to female was 2.17∶ 1.Age of onset was mainly under 5 years old,and accounted for 91.22% of total cases.Peaks time of onset were from April to July,and accounted for 77.78% of total cases.Scattered children and kindergarten children accounted for 68.25% and 24.08%.320 specimens of throat swabs and anal swabs were detected,among them,68 were EV71 virus positive,71 were positive for viral nucleic acid Cox A16.Conclusions HFMD cases increased year by year during 2008 to 2010 in Zunyi,EV71 and CoxA16 existed in the same time,so health education and surveillance should be strengthened,above all,strengthen the management of kindergartens and other places,development sanitation punishes and implement comprehensive prevention and treatment measures to control epidemic.