临床输血不良反应调查分析

目的通过对临床发生的输血不良反应进行回顾性分析,探讨有效降低输血不良反应的措施。方法对2011年1月至2015年5月收集至该科的输血不良反应回报单进行统计和分析,记录发生输血不良反应的情况。结果在43 874例输血患者中发生输血不良反应136例,总输血不良反应发生率为0.31%。输注冷沉淀的不良反应率发生最高,为1.27%,全血次之,为0.56%,悬浮红细胞为0.44%,冰冻血浆为0.32%,血小板为0.27%,滤白红细胞和洗涤红细胞均为0.00%。输血次数1、2、3、≥4次输血不良反应发生率分别为0.19%、0.27%、0.66%、1.24%,不同输血次数引起的输血不良反应发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。有输血史者占发生输血不良反应的60.29%。输血不良反应中以非溶血性发热反应最多见,占62.50%,其次为过敏反应,占33.09%。结论输注去除白细胞血制品能有效降低输血不良反应发生率,特别是需要多次输血的患者,应输注去除白细胞的血液成分,以降低输血不良反应发生率。

Investigation and analysis of the clinical blood transfusion reactions

Objective To find effective measures to reduce blood transfusion reactions through retrospective analysis on adverse reactions of blood transfusion .Methods Statistically analyse the the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions from Jan .2011 to May 2015 .Results The total adverse transfusion reaction rate was 0 .31% (136/43 874) .The adverse reaction rate of cryoprecipi‐tate infusion was the highest(1 .27% ) in all kinds of blood components infusions ,followed by whole blood(0 .56 % ) ,red blood cell suspension(0 .44% ) ,frozen plasma (0 .32% ) ,platelets (0 .27% ) ,leukocyte -depletion red blood cell suspension (0 .00% ) and washed red blood cell(0 .00% ) .When considering the times of blood transfusion ,the reaction rates of once ,twice ,3 times and ≥4 times were 0 .19% ,0 .27% ,0 .66% and 1 .24% respectively .The incidences of adverse reactions caused by different blood transfu‐sion were statistically significant(P< 0 .05) .60 .29% adverse transfusion reactions happened to people with a history of blood transfusion .The most common adverse transfusion reaction was non-hemolytic reaction which accounted for 62 .50% ,followed by allergic reactions accounting for 33 .09% .Conclusion Leukocyte-depletion red blood cells suspension is proved to be safer ,and could reduce the transfusion reactions .Leukocyte-depletion red cell suspension could benefit the patient who needs blood transfu‐sion more than twice .