妇幼保健机构2010-2012年医院感染现患率调查

目的了解妇幼保健机构医院感染发生状况、危险因素及抗菌药物使用情况,为预防与控制医院感染提供依据。方法按现患率调查方法,2010-2012年每年抽取1 d 0~24时全部住院患者,调查医院感染及抗菌药物使用情况,并对调查资料进行统计分析。结果 2010-2012年医院感染现患率分别为2.0%、2.9%、2.9%,3年医院感染现患率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.7294,P0.05),感染发生主要的科室为儿外科与儿科系统,感染部位以下呼吸道、胃肠道及产褥(术后)病为主,占54.55%。3年抗菌药物使用率分别为70.2%、44.8%、46.8%;手术病例抗菌药物使用率由100%降至81.9%;Ⅰ类清洁手术抗菌药物使用率由100%降至16.5%;术前2 h内使用抗菌药物使用比例由50.8%升至98.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2010-2012年该院医院感染现患率保持常态趋势,抗菌药物使用管理效果显著,但应加强对医院感染高危科室的监控,抗菌药物管理效果的巩固也显得尤为重要。

Survey on the prevalence of nosocomial infections in a maternal and child health hospital in 2010-2012

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of nosocomial infections and the antibiotics utilization in a maternal and child health hospital so as to provide reference for preventing and controlling nosocomial infections. Methods Cross - sectional surveys on nosocomial infections prevalence and antibiotics utilization from 2010 to 2012 were carried out among all hospitalized patients within one day （24 hours） of each year, and the surveyed data were statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence of nosocomial infections in 2010 - 2012 was 2.0%, 2.9% and 2.9%, respectively, and no statistically signifi- cant difference was found in the prevalence among the 3 years （ χ2 = 0. 7294, P 〉0.05 ）. The infections mainly occurred in pedi- atric surgery department and pediatrics department. The common infection sites were lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract as well as tx~stoperative puerperium, accounting for 54.55 %. The antibiotics utilization rates in 2010 - 2012 were 70.2 %, 44.8 % and 46.8 %, respectively. The antibiotics utilization rate decreased from 100 % to 81.9 % during the surgical operation as well as from 100 % to 16.5 % in I sterile operation. It increased from 50.8 % to 98.3 % 2 hours before operation, with statisti- cally significant differences （P〈0.05）. Conclusions It is normal developing situation for nosocomial infections prevalence in this hospital during 2010 - 2012. The results of controlling antibiotics usage are remarkable, but we still need to enhance control- ling and monitoring of antibiotics utilization in high - risk departments of the hospital. At the same time, it is also very important to consolidate the results of controlling antibiotics usage.