学前儿童社交退缩类型与气质

目的:考察学前儿童不同类型的社交退缩行为与气质特点的关系。方法:采用实验室观察法对176名4岁儿童的三种社交退缩行为做出评价:抑制行为、安静退缩和活跃退缩。气质特点由母亲报告。结果:抑制行为与儿童气质上的害羞(r=0．21,P<0．05)、不善交往(r=-0．31,P<0．01)有关,安静退缩与母亲报告的气质特征(P>0．05)无显著相关,活跃退缩与儿童的高活动水平(r=0．19,P<0．05) 有关。结论:儿童三种社交退缩行为的气质基础存在差异,行为抑制可能是由于天性害羞,而安静退缩与害羞无关,活跃退缩行为多的儿童活动水平较高。

The Subtypes of Social Withdrawal and Temperament in Early Childhood

Objective: The main purpose of this research is to confirm that there are at least three subtypes of social withdrawal in childhood: reticence, passive withdrawal and active withdrawal. Each subtype had an individual correlation pattern with children s temperaments. Methods: One hundred and seventy-six Chinese children of about 4 years old participated in a serial of lab observations, during which the three subtypes of social withdrawal were assessed. And the children's mothers completed Colorado Child Temperament Inventory (CCTI) . Results: Reticence positively related to temperamental shyness (r = 0. 21 , P < 0. 05) , and negatively related to temperamental sociability (r = - 0. 31 , P < 0. 01 ) ; passive withdrawal had no significant correlation with any temperament; and active withdrawal had a positive correlation with high level activity (r=0. 19, P <0. 05) . Conclusion: The three subtypes of social withdrawal have respective temperamental base.