温州市重点小学与普通小学学生近视现状及危险因素比较

目的分析温州市重点小学与普通小学学生近视的流行病学现状及危险因素,为学生近视防治工作提供科学依据。方法分层整群随机抽取温州市某区重点小学及普通小学各1所,对一至六年级学生进行视力及屈光状态检查和近视相关因素的问卷调查。利用Logistic回归分析方法分析小学生近视相关的危险因素。结果重点小学2 078名学生疑似近视检出率为41.05%,女生(44.69%)高于男生(38.08%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。普通小学1 058名学生疑似近视检出率为17.01%,男生(15.98%)与女生(18.54%)差异无统计学意义(P=0.276)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母近视(OR=2.122)、每天在家书写时间长(OR=1.230)、每天课外阅读时间长(OR=1.233)、每周课外阅读量多(OR=1.150)、长时间用眼不能休息(OR=1.246)是重点小学近视相关的危险因素,看电视时距离电视远(OR=0.827)、在家不经常用计算机(OR=0.741)是保护因素。普通小学中,父母近视(OR=1.724)、每次用计算机时间长(OR=1.338)、参加课外培训班数量多(OR=1.190)是近视的危险因素,看电视时距离电视远相对于距离近(OR=0.671)是保护因素。结论重点小学学生疑似近视检出率明显高于普通小学,针对不同学校有侧重点地进行近视防治工作有重要意义。

Comparison of prevalence and risk factors of myopia between key primary school and ordinary primary school students

Objective To investigate and compare the myopia status and related factors between key and ordinary primary school students in Wenzhou so as to provide evidence for preventing myopia.Methods A key primary school and an ordinary primary school were selected using stratified cluster sampling method.Three thousand and thirty-six students from grade 1 to 6 of the two schools were recruited.Visual acuity,auto refraction and a questionnaire were performed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of myopia.Results A total of 2 078 students were investigated in the key primary school,and the prevalence of myopia was 41.05%.Prevalence of myopia of female was significantly higher than that of male(44.69% VS 38.08%,P=0.002).The prevalence of myopia was 17.01% among 1 058 students in the ordinary primary school.The prevalence of male and female were 15.98% and 18.54% respectively.The difference between male and female was not significant.Logistic regression showed that the risk factors of myopia of the key primary school were parental myopia(OR=2.122),more time spent on writing per day at home(OR=1.23),more time spent on reading after school(OR=1.233),longer time spent on extra-curricular reading per week(OR=1.150),continuous near-work activities without rest(OR=1.246);and the protective factors were longer distance of watching TV(OR=0.827) and rarely using a computer(OR=0.741).Parental myopia(1.724),more time spent on using a computer(OR=1.338) and more after-class training courses(OR=1.190) were risk factors of the ordinary primary school while longer distance of watching TV(OR=0.671) was a protective factor.Conclusion The prevalence of myopia of the key primary school is significantly higher than that of the ordinary primary school.Particular emphasis of myopia preventing on different kinds of primary schools should be taken into account.