入学入托查验接种证对防控传染病效果评价

目的了解贵州省入托入学查验接种证工作在学校/托幼机构免疫规划针对传染病控制中的作用,为评价入学入托查验接种证实施效果提供依据。方法通过分析贵州省2004-2009年查验接种证工作统计报表、法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统的相关数据,对中小学和托幼机构接种证查验率、查验疫苗接种情况及其与小学/托幼机构麻疹及其他常见传染病发生的关系进行分析。结果2004年贵州省小学和托幼机构的接种证入学查验率呈逐年上升趋势,并保持在95%的较高水平;入学入托补种以后被查验疫苗全程接种率较入学入托前均明显升高;麻疹/百白破类疫苗补种完成率与该年龄段麻疹/百日咳发病率、学校/托幼机构麻疹暴发占全人群暴发比例均呈负相关,且有统计学意义;3～6岁乙肝疫苗补种完成率与乙肝发病率相关无统计学意义,7～12岁乙肝疫苗补种完成率与乙肝发病率呈现正相关。结论规范开展查验接种证工作,保证被查验疫苗的全程接种率持续维持在较高水平,能有效控制学校/托幼机构免疫规划针对传染病的发病和暴发;有必要将乙肝疫苗纳入免费补种范围,同时逐步增加入学/入托查验疫苗的种类。

Effect evaluation of school entry immunization in the controlling vaccine preventing infectious diseases in schoolskindergartens

Objective To evaluate the role of implementing school entry immunization in the controlling vaccine preventing infectious diseases in schools/kindergartens of Guizhou province.Methods Evaluating the situation of implementation in primary and kindergartens,the coverage of the relative vaccines in entry immunization requirement,the incidence of vaccine preventing infectious diseases in school-age children and preschool children and the outbreaks in the school and kindergartens in Guizhou province during 2004-2009,and analyze the correlation by bivariate correlated analysis.Results The rates of schools and kindergartens implementing entry immunization remind above 95% and rise year by year and keep at a high level from 2004.Full coverage increased obviously after vaccination checks at schools and kindergartens,and the coverage increased in primary schools more than kindergartens.The replant completion rates of measles vaccine and DPT/DT vaccine after entry negatively correlated with the incidence of measles/pertussis and the percentage of measles outbreaks in primary schools/kindergartens,and it’s statistically significant.Replant completion rate of HB vaccine of 3-6 years old children after entry is without correlating with incidence of HB.But replant completion rate of HB vaccine of 7-12 years old children and incidence of HB is positively correlated.Conclusion Implementing school entry requirement standard and keeps the coverage of fully immunization at a high level could control effectively the incidence and outbreaks of vaccine preventing infectious diseases in schools/kindergartens.It’s necessary to replant Hepatitis B vaccine in the free range for improving immunization coverage.Proposal to Increase the vaccine varieties gradually into the school/nursery inspection.