兔用生物型人工膝关节假体的设计与制作

目的设计并制作兔用生物型人工膝关节假体。方法制作并测量新西兰大白兔骨髓腔石蜡铸型及膝关节大小，根据兔膝关节的解剖及生物力学特点，自行设计并制作假体基本形状。另取两层不锈钢网，借助激光技术与假体基体表面焊接，构成生物型人工膝关节假体。将该假体置入兔体内，并观察其固定情况。结果股骨外侧髁左右径（6．0±0．42）mm，前后径（12．4±0．62）mm，股骨内侧髁左右径（5．1±0．42）mm，前后径（12．7±0．53）mm，股骨髁最低点上30mm处平面髓腔前后径（4．5±0．74）mm；胫骨平臼左右径（16．4±0．62）mm，前后径（14．9±0．62）mm，胫骨平台最高点下30mm处平面髓腔前后径（4．6±0．32）mm。兔用人工膝关节假体，由股骨髁假体和胫骨平台假体及与其相连的髓内延长杆组成，关节面抛光。置入兔体内观察1、3、6个月，动物膝关节活动恢复正常，行走自如，假体无脱位，固定牢靠。结论通过测量兔膝关节以及膝关节骨髓腔铸型，借鉴人体人工膝关节假体的一些设计理念，成功设计并制作兔用生物型人工膝关节假体，体内实验证实可供兔人工膝关节置换使用。

Design and preparation of biological knee arthroplasty prostheses of rabbits

Objective To design and manufacture a kind of biological prostheses of total knee arthroplasty.Methods The paraffin casting mould of the distal femur and the proximal tibia in rabbits was prepared and the size of the femur condyle and tibia plateau was gained. The basic appearance of the prosthesis was consisted of the femur condyles and tibia plateaus that were welded with the extended stem by laser and the articular surface was polished smoothly. There were two kinds of stainless steel mesh that welded with the basic appearance of the prostheses by laser. This prosthesis was implanted into the rabbit knee in vivo and the fixation was watched by macroscopically observation and roentgenograms.Results The width from the left to right of condylus lateralis femoris and condylus medialis femoris was(6.0±0.42)mm and(5.1±0.42)mm respectively, the anteroposterior length of condylus lateralis femoris and condylus medialis femoris was(12.4±0.62)mm and(12.7±0.53)mm respectively. The macroscopically observation and roentgenograms proved that the biological prostheses were fixed well and no dislocation and no loosening in 1st, 3rd and 6th month postoperatively.Conclusions Basic shape of the knee joint in rabbits was designed and produced personally through the measurement and the casting mould of the medullary canal according to the design principle of the knee prosthesis in human being. The experiment of rabbits in vivo demonstrated that it was an animal biological fixation model of the total knee arthroplasty.