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Genetic structure of Plasmodium vivax isolates from two malaria endemic areas in Afghanistan |
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| Authors: | Sedigheh Zakeri Najibullah Safi Waqar Butt Akram Abouie Mehrizi Ghasem Zamani |
| Affiliation: | a Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran b National Malaria and Leishmaniasis Control Programme Manager, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan c Medical Officer, Malaria and Leishmaniasis, WHO Office, Kabul, Afghanistan d Roll Back Malaria, WHO/EMRO, Cairo, Egypt |
| Abstract: | In this study, the nature and extent of genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax populations circulating in Afghanistan have been investigated by analyzing three genetic markers: csp, msp-1, and msp-3α. Blood samples (n = 202) were collected from patients presenting with vivax malaria from south-western (Herat) and south-eastern (Nangarhar) parts of Afghanistan, and analysed using nested-PCR/RFLP and sequencing methods. Genotyping pvmsp-1 revealed type 1, type 2 and recombinant type 3 allelic variants, with type 1 predominant in parasites in both study areas. The sequence analysis of 57 P. vivax isolates identified a total of 26 distinct alleles. Genotyping pvcsp gene showed that VK210 type (86.6%) is predominant in Afghanistan. Moreover, three major types of the pvmsp-3α locus: type A, type B and type C were distinguished among Afghani isolates. The predominant fragments among Nangarhar and Herat parasites were type A (70.8% and 67.9%, respectively). PCR/RFLP products with Hha I and Alu I were detected 52 and 38 distinct variants among Nangarhar and Herat isolates, respectively. These results strongly indicate that the P. vivax populations in Afghanistan are highly diverse. |
| Keywords: | Malaria Plasmodium vivax Genetic diversity CSP MSP Afghanistan |
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