成都市农村旱区分散式供水水质状况及对人群胃肠道影响的探讨

[目的]了解成都市农村旱区分散式供水水质情况,并通过调查干旱期间人群胃肠道现况,初步探讨农村旱区分散式供水水质对于人群胃肠道的影响,获知旱灾地区农村分散式供水的饮水安全是否存在潜在危险因素,为同类地区确保饮水卫生安全提供建议和措施。[方法]2010年4月,在成都市受灾最重的3个区(市/县)的3个乡镇中,以村组为单位随机整群抽样,对抽取9个村组的总312户农户进行问卷调查、总100份水样进行现场检测,并采用Lo-gistic回归的方法进行影响因素分析。[结果]干旱期间农村分散式供水的水质合格率较低(7.00%);各项具体指标中,感官指标(色度、浑浊度、肉眼可见物)、化学指标(铁、锰)、微生物指标(菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群)和毒理指标(硝酸盐)这9项指标在干旱期间出现不合格情况;旱灾地区农村水质对于人群胃肠道有较大影响,排除其他混杂作用后发现,水质不合格引起胃肠道症状的危险性是合格的6.896倍(P﹤0.05)。水源类型、饮用水方式也是导致农户出现胃肠道症状的影响因素。[结论旱灾期间农村分散式供水水质较差,主要表现在感官指标、微生物指标合格率的低下;同时旱灾地区恶劣的水质、增加的地表水水源、直接饮用生水的饮用水方式导致农户中出现了胃肠道症状。

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF DECENTRALIZED WATER QUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON GASTROINTESTINE IN RURAL DROUGHT AREAS IN CHENGDU

[Objective]To understand the decentralized water quality and survey its impact on gastrointestinal conditions of population during the drought in Chengdu rural areas,to discuss the effects of decentralized water quality on gastrointestinal function and to inform potential risk factors which are harmful for the safety of rural decentralized water,to provide measures and proposals for other similar areas to ensure water sanitation.[Methods]In April 2010,we randomly selected nine villages in the three townships of most effected districts(cities/counties)in Chengdu,with villages as a unit,and conducted a questionnaire to 312 households and monitored 100 water samples on the extraction of the nine villages.Lastly,analyzed the influencing factors by Logistic regression.[Results]During the drought,the passing rate of decentralized water quality of water supply in rural areas was low(7.0%).In all specific indicators,the sensory indicators(color,turbidity,visible matter),chemical indicators(Fe,Mn),microbial indicators(colony count,total coliforms,thermotolerant coliforms)and toxicological indicators(nitrate)did not all passed during the drought situation.Water in drought-affected rural areas had great influence in gastrointestinal function of population.Excluding effects of other confounding,the risk caused gastrointestinal symptoms because of substandard water was 6.896 times than the eligible(P﹤0.05).Water types,ways of drinking water were also the factors which leading the farmers having gastrointestinal symptoms.[Conclusion]The quality of decentralized water is low,mainly in the sensory indicators and microbial indicators.The poor water quality,increased sources of surface water,drinking un-boiled water lead the farmers being in the emergence of gastrointestinal symptoms.