医院感染的横断面调查与分析

目的 了解医院感染现患率、医院感染发生的特点及抗菌药物使用情况.方法 采取床旁调查与病历调查相结合的方法,对2009年11月10日0:00-24:00全部住院患者进行调查,将调查结果进行统计分析.结果 医院感染例次感染率为3.66％；感染部位依次为呼吸道20例、皮肤与软组织4例、泌尿道3例；抗菌药物使用率51.27％；其中一联用药占71.11％、二联用药占25.96％；年龄、侵入性操作、基础疾病等是医院感染高危因素；外科围手术期预防用药偏高,使用抗菌药物共32种.结论 现患率调查方法简单,结果可靠,可以基本反映医院感染情况,提示应加强抗菌药物的合理应用,减少预防用药,降低抗菌药物使用率.

Cross-section survey and analysis of nosocomial infection

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of nosocomial infection and the use of antimicrobial agents in hospital,in order to explore the problems of nosocomial infection control.METHODS Bedside survey and patients’ medical record review was performed and all the data were statistically analyzed.RESULTS The rate of nosocomial infection was 3.66%;infection sites included respiratory tract(20 cases),skin and soft tissue(4 cases) and urinary tract(3 cases);the application rate of antibiotics was 51.27% at the day of investigation,of which single drug administration accounted for 71.11% and two-drug combination accounted for 25.96%.The high risk factors of nosocomial infection were age,invasive operation and underlying disease.The prophylaxis in surgical preoperative use appeared to be higher than usual,32 kinds of antibiotics were used.CONCLUSION Prevalence rate survey method is simple and reliable.It can basically reflect the situation of hospital infection.Rational use of antibiotics should be emphasized and preventive medication and antibiotic usage should be reduced.