颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与相关因素的探讨

目的探讨颈动脉硬化斑块与其相关因素与脑梗塞发生的相关影响。方法对177例患者行颈动脉超声检查，根据颈动脉硬化斑是否存在，分为斑块组和无斑块对照组。同期CT观察颈内动脉供血区是否发生脑梗塞。生化检查血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白。并将高血压患者分为I级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级。结果颈动脉斑块分布：两侧同时存在比例最高，达50％；仅单侧分布：左侧高于右侧，分别为33％、17％。颈动脉斑块组脑梗塞的发生率为79．54％；非动脉斑块组脑梗塞发生率为29．2％，低于斑块组（P〈0．05）。双侧颈动脉斑块中，发生双侧脑梗塞比例最高，左侧次之，右侧最低；左侧颈动脉斑块中，发生左侧脑梗塞比例最高，双侧次之，右侧最低；右侧颈动脉斑块中，发生右侧脑梗塞比例最高，双侧次之，左侧最低。颈动脉硬化斑块组的年龄、血糖均较无斑块组高；发生高血压比例高，且随着高血压分级的增加，斑块发生率也逐步提高，Ⅲ级高血压及脑梗塞的发生率高于无斑块对照组（P〈0．01）。而颈动脉斑块与血脂则相关性不大。结论颈动脉硬化斑块与年龄、血糖、高血压密切相关，发生脑梗塞的几率明显增加。与血脂相比，血糖增高和高血压对动脉硬化斑块的形成起到更重要的作用。

The study of carotid atherosclerosis with ultrasonography and it's correlation factors

Objective To study the correlation factors of carotid atherosclerosis and the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and cerebral infraction with ultrasonography. Methods One hundred and seventy - seven patients underwent uhrasonography were divided into carotid atherosclerosis plaque group and non carotid atherosclerosis plaque group. In the same term, CT examination was performed for detection of cerebral infraction in the carotid blood irrigated area, and the blood sugar, CH, TR, HDL, and LDL were measured with biochemistry examination. The patients with hypertension were divide into three levels. Results Carotid atherosclerosis plaque distributation included： most of them were distributed in both sides, the ratio was 50% ;distribution in left side was more than in right side, the ratio was 33% and 17% ; in the carotid atherosclerosis plaque group, there were 79.54% patients with cerebral infraction, in the non carotid atherosclerosis plaque group, there were just 29.2% patients with cerebral infraction, obviously lower than the carotid atherosclerosis plaque group. In the group with carotid atherosclerosis plaque in both sides, most patients had cerebral infraction in both sides too. Cerebral infraction just in left side was lower, just in right side was the least. In the group with carotid atherosclerosis plaque in the left side, most patients had cerebral infraction in the left side with lower in both sides and least in the right side. In the group of carotid atherosclerosis plaque in the right side, most patients had cerebral infraction in the right side with lower in both sides and least in the left side. The ratio of patients with hypertension was higher in carotid atherosclerosis plaque group than in non carotid atherosclerosis plaque group and the incidence rate of plaque gradually elevated with increasing of hypertension grade. The rate of the third group hypertension and cerebral infraction happening was also higher than the control group. But there was no evidence to prove that there was cor