深圳市福田区136家企业职业危害现状调查

目的 了解福田区职业危害分布情况和企业职业卫生管理现状.方法 使用《全国职业健康状况调查(用人单位调查表)》,对福田区136家企业进行调查.结果 136家企业以中小型的非国有企业为主,实际从业人数31 011人,其中接触职业病危害因素的人数为3 328人；企业存在的职业病危害因素以化学毒物(92/136,67.65％)和物理因素为主(92/136,67.65％)；企业产生的职业病危害因素以噪声(84/136,61.76％)、三苯(73/136,53.68％)其他粉尘(48/136,35.29％)和正己烷(21/136,15.44％)最为常见；相当一部分企业没有落实职业卫生管理措施.结论 福田区的职业卫生管理工作有待加强,应坚持以引导教育为主、行政处罚为辅的行政管理手段,逐步改善辖区企业的职业危害状况.

Occupational hazards survey of 136 enterprises in Futian district of Shenzhen city

Objective To understand the distribution of occupational hazards and the status of occupational health man- agement of enterprises in Futian District. Methods ＂National survey of professional health（employing unit＇ s questionnaire）＂ was used to survey for 136 enterprises in Futian District. Results Consisting of the 136 enterprises, mainly were private en- terprises of middle and small size, 31011 employees were actually involved in the total, while 3328 workers were contacted oc- cupational hazard factors. The main occupational hazards of enterprises were chemical poisons （92/136,67.65 %） and physical factors （92/136,67.65%）. The production of occupational hazard factors in enterprises, mainly were noise （84/136, 61.76%）, benzene, toluene and xylene （73/136, 53.68%）, particles not otherwise regulated （48/136, 35.29%） and n-hexane （21/136, 15.44%）. Quite a part of enterprises did not take occupational health management measures. Conclusion It＇s required to im- prove the occupational health management of government supervision, two administrative means should be adhered to： educa- tion and administrative punishment, to improve the occupational hazard status of this district.