Heterogeneity of ventricular fibrillation dominant frequency during global ischemia in isolated rabbit hearts

Introduction : Ventricular fibrillation (VF) studies show that ECG‐dominant frequency (DF) decreases as ischemia develops. This study investigates the contribution of the principle ischemic metabolic components to this decline. Methods and Results: Rabbit hearts were Langendorff‐perfused at 40 mL/min with Tyrode's solution and loaded with RH237. Epicardial optical action potentials were recorded with a photodiode array (256 sites, 15 × 15 mm). After 60 seconds of VF (induced by burst pacing), global ischemia was produced by low flow (6 mL/min), or the solution changed to impose hypoxia (95% N₂/5% CO₂), low pH_o (6.7, 80% O₂/20% CO₂), or raised [K⁺]_o (8 mM). DF of the optical signals was determined at each site. Conduction velocity (CV), action potential duration (APD90), effective refractory period (ERP), activation threshold, dV/dt_max, and membrane potential were measured in separate experiments during ventricular pacing. During VF, ischemia decreased DF in the left ventricle (LV) (to [58 ± 6]%, P < 0.001), but not the right (RV) ([93 ± 5]%). Raised [K⁺]_o reproduced this DF pattern (LV: [67 ± 12]%, P < 0.001; RV: [95 ± 9]%). LV DF remained elevated in hypoxia or low pH_o. During ventricular pacing, ischemia decreased CV in LV but not RV. Raised [K⁺]_o did not change CV in either ventricle. Ischemia and raised [K⁺]_o shortened APD90 without altering ERP. LV activation threshold increased in both ischemia and raised [K⁺]_o and was associated with diastolic depolarization and decreased dV/dt_max. Conclusions: These results suggest that during VF, decreased ECG DF in global ischemia is largely due to elevated [K⁺]_o affecting the activation thresholds in the LV rather than RV.