甘草炮制的历史沿革考证

甘草是一味大宗药材,在中药中有"国老"之称。通过查阅历代本草、医药典籍和相关文献资料,对甘草的历史炮制方法进行整理和分析,并梳理了往年各版药典对于甘草炮制方法的记录和全国各地炮制规范对于甘草饮片加工工艺的规定,对甘草的炮制历史进行全方面总结,理清了甘草的炮制发展脉络。经考证,从古至今,甘草的炮制方法较多,不加辅料的炮制方法有炙、炒、炮、煨;加辅料的制法有酒制、醋制、盐制、油制、姜制、蜜制、水制、胆汁制等多种方法。在已出版的药典中共有9版记载了甘草的炮制品,全国共有24个省市均有记载甘草的炮制方法。目前,2015年版《中国药典》仅记载了甘草蜜炙的炮制工艺,蜜炙法沿用至今并广泛使用。现今炙甘草是否应统一为蜜炙甘草使用,应以历代方书本草所使用的炮制方法以及临床使用为依据。该文为后续甘草的其他炮制工艺研究和临床合理选择甘草品种、进一步开发利用相应药材资源提供参考和历史依据。

Textual research on history of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome processing

The historical preparation methods of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were summarized and analyzed by consulting relevant literatures of herbal medicines and medical classics. This study also reviewed the records of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma processing methods in previous editions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the regulations on processing technology of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces in China. This paper summarized the processing history of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and defined the development process of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma processing. According to textual research from ancient times to today, there are many ways to process Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The processing methods without auxiliary materials include braising, frying, cooking, simmering and adding such auxiliary materials as wine, vinegar, salt, oil, ginger, honey, water and bile. There are 9 editions of the published Chinese Pharmacopoeia that document the processing of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and 24 provinces and cities nationwide record the processing of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. At present, the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia only records the processing technology of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma honey, and the honey processing method is still widely usedtoday. Whether or not Zhigancao should be used uniformly for honey-processed Zhigancao today should be based on the processing methods of Chinese herbal medicine and its clinical use in previous ancient medical books. This paper provides a reference and historical basis for subsequent studies on other processing techniques of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the rational selection of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma varieties and the further development and utilization of corresponding medicinal materials.