杨梅素及其苷类药理活性研究进展

杨梅素及其苷类是植物中重要的黄酮醇类物质,是一类广泛存在于自然界的天然有机化合物,且具有广泛药理活性。大量研究表明杨梅素及其苷类具有强抗氧化作用,对癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等慢性非传染性疾病有一定的预防、缓解和辅助治疗作用。此外,杨梅素及其苷类还具有抗病毒、抑菌、抗炎、镇痛、护肝等药理活性。由于杨梅素比其他黄酮类化合物在母环结构上含有更多羟基,杨梅素及其苷类比槲皮素、山柰酚等其他黄酮醇或黄酮类化合物具有更强的药理活性。因此,杨梅素及其苷类具有重要的开发和应用前景。该文就杨梅素及其苷类的分类与分布、药理活性及作用机制、杨梅素及其苷类与其他黄酮类化合物的活性比较等进行文献综述,并对目前杨梅素及其苷类研究与应用的局限性进行了分析,对将来深入研究更多种类杨梅素及其苷类的药理作用、量效及构效关系、化学修饰与生物合成、应用前景等作了展望。

Pharmacological activities of myricetin and its glycosides

Myricetin and its glycosides are important flavonols commonly found in plants, and they are natural organic compounds with diverse pharmacological activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that myricetin and its glycosides are strong antioxidants that have great potential in preventing, alleviating and assisting the treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, myricetin and its glycosides also have antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, liver protection and other pharmacological activities. Myricetin contains more hydroxyl groups in the parent ring structure than other flavonoids, so myricetin and its glycosides have stronger pharmacological activities than other flavonols or flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. Therefore, myricetin and its glycosides have great development and application prospects. In this paper, the classification and distribution of myricetin and its glycosides, their pharmacological activity and mechanism, as well as comparison with other flavonoids were reviewed. In addition, limitations of the current research and application of myricetin and its glycosides were analyzed, and the further studies on pharmacological activities as well as their dose-activity relationship, structure-activity relationship, chemical modification, biosynthesis and application prospects of myricetin and its glycosides were discussed and proposed.