辽宁省水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

目的 收集辽宁省2006—2019年水痘突发公共卫生事件资料,对全省突发公共卫生事件进行流行病学分析,为制定全省卫生防控决策提供科学依据。方法 采用SPSS软件对辽宁省2006—2019年水痘突发公共卫生事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2006—2019年辽宁省水痘突发事件报告病例数2 914例,报告水痘突发公共卫生事件110 起,波及人口数为124 239人,总罹患率为2.35%。水痘突发事件报告季节分布呈现两个高峰,冬季 11月至次年 1月为高峰,春季 5月出现另一个小高峰。全省报告事件最多的地区为沈阳、大连、辽阳,人群分布以小学生为主,7~12岁占68.1%。全省分布情况为幼儿园8起,小学72起,初中24起,高中4起,大学2起。农村 16 起,城市76起,县镇 18起,监测敏感性中位数为13 d,疫情控制时效中位数为32 d。监测敏感性与控制时效呈现正相关。结论 辽宁省水痘突发公共卫生事件有明显季节高峰,人群以小学生为主,城市报告事件数较农村多。突发公共卫生事件报告的监测敏感性决定疫情控制时效,疫情发现越早控制效果越好。

Epidemiological analysis on public health emergencies of varicella in Liaoning

Objective To collect and sort out the public health emergencies of varicella in Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2019, and we analyze the epidemiology of public health emergencies in Liaoning Province, so as to provide scientific basis for making the next health prevention and control decision in Liaoning Province. Methods SPSS software was used to analyze the distribution of varicella public health emergencies in Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2019. Results There were 2 914 reported patients of varicella emergencies in Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2019, 110 reported cases of varicella public health emergencies with a population of 124 239 and a total incidence of 2.35%. There are two peaks in the seasonal distribution of varicella emergencies, from November in winter to January in the next year, and another small peak in May in spring. Shenyang, Dalian and Liaoyang are the most reported areas in the province, with primary school students as the main population, 68.1% aged 7-12 years. There are 8 cases in kindergartens, 72 in primary schools, 24 in junior high schools, 4 in senior high schools and 2 in universities in the province. There were 16 cases in rural areas, 76 cases in cities, 18 cases in counties and towns. The median of monitoring sensitivity was 13 days, and the median of epidemic control effectiveness was 32 days. There was a positive correlation between monitoring sensitivity and control effectiveness. Conclusion There is an obvious seasonal peak in public health emergencies of varicella in Liaoning Province, the population is mainly primary school students, and the number of reported incidents in urban areas is more than that in rural areas. The monitoring sensitivity of public health emergency report determines the time limit of epidemic control, and the earlier the epidemic is found, the better the control effect.