民众对突发公共卫生事件和SARS认知情况的调查

目的探讨民众对突发公共卫生事件和SARS的认知状况.方法在黑龙江省哈尔滨市区及加格达奇地区城、乡进行整群抽样调查、发放调查问卷共2079份,以居住地的不同分为城市、城镇、农村三组,对问卷结果进行统计分析.结果通过对有效问卷2003份的分析,民众对突发公共卫生事件及SARS知识知晓情况良好,各项三地总认知率均超过60%.城市、城镇、农村三地民众在疫情发生时的心态普遍较为平和（71.7%）,城市组对政府和媒体的好感度最高,71.8%将SARS的控制归功于政府的有效措施,65.0%的民众对政府处理危机的信心增加;而农村组对于医院和相关专业人员最为信赖.结论政府通过媒体和医疗等专业机构与民众及时、畅通的互动和沟通在突发公共卫生事件的应对中尤为重要,同时要加强经常性的突发事件宣传教育,增强民众的危机意识和公民责任感.

Awareness on SARS and public health emergencies among general publics

Objective To explore the awareness on sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and public health emergencies among general publics. Methods A cluster sampling method was implemented in Harbin and Jiagedaqi district of Daxinanling of Heilongjiang province. Research subjects were divided into three groups as city, township and rural areas and were given questionnaires to fill in. Data was analyzed with Epi-data and SPSS. Results 2003 available questionnaires were collected. The general publics well understood the knowledge on public health emergencies and the SARS with the whole recognition rate more than 60 percent. During the epidemics, people in city, town and countryside were calm(71.7%). The rates of attitude towards the government were significantly different among the subjects living with the city, town or rural areas. The city group expressed the highest favor to the government and media, 71.8% of them gave the credit on the control of SARS to the effective method taken by the government and 65.0% of them showed that they had enough confidence on the governmental ability of dealing with crises while the countryside group trusted the hospitals and relative specialists the most. Conclusion It is essential for the government to interact and communicate with the publics through media, medical and related institutions when confronting with the public health emergencies. Publicity on health knowledge and coping system on emergency should play key roles in the development of an effective public health system while the government should lead the battle.