基于时机理论脊髓损伤患者主要照顾者照护体验的质性研究

目的基于时机理论框架探讨脊髓损伤主要照顾者在不同阶段的照护体验。方法2018年11月至2019年5月,采用目的抽样选取安徽医科大学第一附属医院脊柱外科住院及出院脊髓损伤患者的主要照顾者46名为研究对象,采用现象学研究法,基于时机理论的五个不同时期对其进行非结构访谈,以Colaizzi分析法对资料进行分析。结果按照时机理论的五个不同时期提炼主题。手术前期,害怕面对现实;手术后期,缺乏疾病相关知识;出院准备期,焦虑无助;出院调适期,主动应对,希望提高居家照护能力;出院稳定期,勇敢接受,努力应对。结论脊髓损伤照顾者的照护体验是一个复杂动态的过程,患者处于不同的疾病阶段,照顾者的照护体验与之变化,应给予每阶段针对性指导,帮助脊髓损伤家庭树立重新开始的信心。

The Care Experience of Main Caregivers of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Based on Timing Theory: A Qualitative Study

Objective Based on the framework of timing theory,this paper explored the nursing experience of primary caregivers of spinal cord injury in different stages.Methods From November 2018 to May 2019,46 spinal cord injury caregivers in the hospital were selected for unstructured interview based on the five different stages of timing theory,and the data were analyzed and collated by Colaizzi analysis.Results According to the five different stages of timing framework,the topics were:preoperative period:fear of facing reality;late surgery:lack of disease-related knowledge;discharge preparation period:anxiety and helpless;discharge adjustment period:proactive response,hoping to improve home care ability;discharge adaptation period:be brave and accept.Conclusions The care experience of the caregiver of spinal cord injury is a complex and dynamic process.The patient is in different stages of the disease,and the care experience of the caregiver is changed.The targeted guidance should be given to help the family with spinal cord injury at different stages,and help the families with spinal cord injuries build confidence to start again.