老年人卫生服务需求与利用及其影响因素分析

目的：了解老年人卫生服务需求与利用现况及其影响因素，为促进老年人卫生服务利用、延长寿命、提高生活质量提供理论基础。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取423名老年人，用自行设计调查表、简易应对方式量表和社会支持量表进行面对面调查。结果1）两周患病率为38.5％，近半年慢性病患病率为82.2％。2）近两周就诊率为24.3％，近一年的住院率为21.8％。3）两周患病率影响因素包括：受教育程度（χ^2＝8.472，P＝0.037）、婚姻状况（χ^2＝11.720，P＝0.003）、居住情况（χ^2＝5.560，P＝0.018）、家庭月人均收入（χ^2＝6.806，P＝0.078）、每天睡眠情况（χ^2＝14.146，P＝0.001）差别均具有统计学意义。4）近两周就诊率影响因素包括：受教育程度（χ^2＝7.882，P＝0.049）、居住情况（χ^2＝7.933，P＝0.005）差别有统计学意义。积极应对（ t＝15.138，P＝0.000）、消极应对（t＝8.149，P＝0.005）对卫生服务利用的影响具有统计学意义。结论老年人卫生服务需求率较高，利用率较低，应采取综合措施促进老年人卫生服务利用。

The situation with regard to health service needs and utilization and its influencing factors of elderly

Ob j ective To understand elderly health service needs and utilization and its influencing factors ,and provide scientifical basis for promoting the utilization of health service ,prolonging life ,improving the quality life of the elderly .Methods 423 cases of elderly over 60 years by Multi‐stage random sampling method were extracted , and face‐to‐face interviews by self‐designed questionnaire were applied .Results 1 ）2‐week prevalence of empty nesters was 38 .5% and chronic disease prevalence was 82 .2% ;2 ） two weeks of treatment was 24 .3% and nearly a year of hospitalization was 21 .8% .3）2‐week prevalence rate factors were ：education（χ^2 =8 .472 ,P= 0.037） , marital status（χ^2 =11 .720 ,P= 0 .003） ,living conditions（χ^2 =5 .560 ,P= 0 .018） ,monthly family income per ca‐pita（χ^2 = 6 .806 ,P= 0 .078 ） ,sleep situation every day （χ^2 = 14 .146 ,P= 0 .001 ） were statistically significant differences .4 ）2‐week attendance rate factors were ：education （χ^2 = 7.882 ,P= 0 .049 ） ,living conditions （χ^2 =7.933 ,P= 0 .005） and the difference was statistically significant .Positive response（ t= 15 .138 ,P= 0 .000） and negative coping（ t= 8 .149 ,P= 0 .005） on health service utilization with statistical significance .Conclusion The elderly health services demand rate is high and the utilization rate is low .So comprehensive measurements should be taken to promote the utilization of health services of elderly people .