野芝麻开花与繁育特性初步研究

目的:探究野芝麻的开花生物学特性,为今后野芝麻的栽培和品种的选育提供理论基础.方法:田间定株、定时观察记录,并统计野芝麻的群体、花序和单花开花过程；用TTC法测定花粉的活力,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性.结果与结论:野芝麻具两性花,为轮伞花序,每轮有花4～14朵；花期4-6月,单花花期约3d；从花朵刚开放到开花后8h花粉活力和柱头可授性都较强,两者有效可遇期约为8h；野芝麻繁育类型为兼性异交,自交亲和,有时需要传粉者；传粉媒介主要是蜂类.此外,探讨了野芝麻育种中适宜采用的育种途径.

Studies of floral biology, breeding characters of Lamium barbatum

Objective: To reveal the flowering characteristics and provide theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of Lamium barbatum. Method: The field observation and investigation of blooming phenophase were applied in the study growth dynamics of inflorescence and the period of the floret were measured. Then the statistic analyses of them were carried out. The pollen viability was evaluated by TTC test and the stigma receptivity was evaluated by benzidine-H₂O₂ method. Result and Conclusion: The flowers of L. barbatum were bisexual, with 4 to 14 flowers in an inflorescence. The population came into bloom from April to June and the blossom of a single flower could last about 3 days. Pollination peak lasted 8 hours from the very beginning of blooming, and the high stigma receptive stage remained during the same period of time. The results indicated that the breeding system of L. barbatum was outcrossing with self-compatibility and pollinators were needed based on the outcrossing index. The most frequent floral visitors were bees. The suitable breeding strategy was also discussed.