Extracellular glutamate, aspartate and arginine increase in the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus during nociceptive stimulation

Although there is evidence that the thalamus plays a remarkable role in pain processing few in vivo studies on the thalamic neurochemical correlates of pain have been done. In the present experiments a combination of capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIF) and microdialysis in freely moving rats was used to measure extracellular arginine, glutamate and aspartate in the thalamus during the formalin test. Microdialysis probes were implanted in the left ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus in rats. Samples were collected every 30 s, derivatized with fluorescein isothyocyanate and injected into a CZE-LIF instrument. After nine baseline samples, a subcutaneous formalin (5%, 50 microl) injection in the right hind paw caused an increase of arginine, glutamate and aspartate that lasted for about 3 min. These increases were calcium and nerve impulse dependent. These results indicate that the release of arginine, glutamate and aspartate may mediate rapid pain neural transmission in the VPL nucleus of the thalamus.