HIV感染者和艾滋病病人社会支持状况及其影响因素研究

目的了解HIV感染者和艾滋病病人（PLWHA）社会支持状况，探讨其相关影响因素。方法运用社会支持评定量表（SSRS），对PLWHA进行面对面的问卷调查。结果AIDS病人的SSRS总分（41．67±4．87）、客观支持分（12．00±2．96）及主观支持分（29．78±2．54）均高于HIV感染者（P〈0．05）；非独居者的SSRS总分（37．50±6．73）、客观支持分（9．97±3．03）和主观支持分（21．32±4．23）均高于独居者（P〈0．05）；本市户籍者和SSRS总分（37．04±8A．6）和客观支持分（10．08±3．60）均高于非本市户籍者（P〈0．05）；家庭经济状况为中等者的主观支持分（22．06±4．37）和支持利用度（6．35±2．06）均高于差者（P〈0．05）。结论PLWHA社会支持受多方面因素的影响，HIV感染者社会支持水平较低，加强独居、非本市户籍、家庭经济状况较差者的社会支持水平，以提高其生活质量。

A study on social support of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Objective To explore the social support in patients with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) and its relevant factors. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted using the Social Support Rating Scale ( SSRS ) in patients with HIV infection or AIDS. Results The total scores on the SSRS and the scores of objective and subjective support were greater in patients with AIDS than those with HIV infection ( P< 0.05 ). The total scores on the SSRS and the scores of objective support and subjective support were higher in patients living with family or friends than those living alone ( P< 0.05 ). The total scores on the SSRS and the scores of and objective support were higher migrant patients than in local patients ( P < 0.05 ). The scores of objective support and utilization of support were higher in patients with moderate income than in those with low income. Conclusions Social support for people living with HIV/AIDS is affected by multiple factors. Patients with HIV infection have lower levels of social support. We should strengthen the social support for those living alone, migrant patients, or those with low income to improve their quality of life.