秋季全光照及水杨酸对人参叶片生理光合特性及人参皂苷类成分含量的影响

目的:研究秋季全光照及水杨酸等处理对人参生理生化及药材质量的影响。方法:秋季全光照条件下喷施水杨酸,6-苄氨基嘌呤、芸苔素内酯等生长激素,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、光合指标及人参皂苷类成分含量等。结果:全光照条件下空白组虽然净光合速率有所提高,但抗氧化酶SOD,CAT,POD等活性降低,且MDA含量较高,可能会对植株造成一定伤害。全光照条件下喷施3种激素后,植株均表现较强的抗氧化能力和较高的净光合速率,表现为水杨酸6-苄氨基嘌呤芸苔素内酯。在水杨酸组中,0.2,1.0 mmol·L-1水杨酸组与空白组相比,SOD活性分别提高了39.9%,43.2%,CAT提高了43.1%,57.2%,POD提高了63.5%,64.5%,净光合速率提高了17.1%,16.3%;与传统遮荫的对照组相比,SOD活性分别提高了1.1%,3.5%,CAT提高了40.6%,54.5%,POD提高了42.0%,42.8%,净光合速率提高了33.2%,32.3%;1.0 mmol·L-1水杨酸组较对照组及空白组显著提高了人参皂苷Rg1,Re的含量。结论:全光照处理破坏了人参叶片结构,降低人参质量,0.2~1.0 mmol·L-1水杨酸具有较强抗衰老作用,在秋季全光照条件施用可以提高人参质量。

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Photosynthesis,Physio-biochemistry and Quality of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Under Full Illumination in Autumn

Objective: To investigate effect of full illumination in autumn and salicylic acid on physio-biochemistry and quality of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Method: Full illumination coupled with spraying different concentration of salicylic acid(SA),6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA) and brassinolide(Br) in autumn,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined,contents of ginsenosides were determined by HPLC. Result: Full illumination increased capacity of photosynthesis to some degree,but it weakened physio-biochemistry,which may damage Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma.After sprayed three kinds of hormones under full illumination,ability of antioxidant and net photosynthesis(P_n) improved,SA was better than 6-BA,6-BA better than Br.Contrasted with blank group,0.2 mmol·L^-1 and 1.0 mmol·L^-1 SA increased by 39.9% and 43.2% for SOD,43.1% and 57.2% for CAT,63.5% and 64.5% for POD,17.1% and 16.3% for P_n;contrasted with control group,increased by 1.1% and 3.5% for SOD,40.6% and 54.5% for CAT,42.0% and 42.8% for POD,33.2% and 32.3% for P_n.1.0 mmol·L^-1 SA group significantly improved contents of ginsenoside Rg₁ and ginsenoside Re by comparing with the blank and control group. Conclusion: Full illumination destroys structure of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma leaves,reduces its quality.0.2-1.0 mmol·L^-1 SA possesses anti-aging,it can improve quality of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma.