The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Pueraria lobata (Gegen) inhibit atherogenic events: A study of the combination effects of the 2-herb formula |
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Authors: | David Wing-Shing Cheung Chi-Man Koon Chun-Fai Ng Ping-Chung Leung Kwok-Pui Fung Simon Kar-Sing Poon Clara Bik-San Lau |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong;2. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong;3. School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong;4. School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Pueraria lobata (Gegen) are principle herbs of Chinese herbal formulae which have long been used to treat cardiovascular diseases.Aim of studyThe present study validated the anti-atherogenic effects of three extracts, Danshen alone (DE), Gegen alone (GE) as well as DGE and interpreted their combination effects statistically.Materials and methodsThe anti-atherogenic effects of the three extracts were studied in three assays with regards to inflammation, foam cell formation and vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) proliferation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production model, macrophage foam cell formation model and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced vSMC proliferation model, respectively. The combination effects of DGE were statistically analyzed using combination index (CI) and fixed-ratio experimental design.ResultsThe anti-atherogenic effects of the three extracts including anti-inflammation, anti-foam cell formation and anti-vSMC proliferation were demonstrated in this study. Their combination effects in anti-inflammation, anti-foam cell formation and anti-vSMC proliferation were found to be synergistic, additive and antagonistic, respectively.ConclusionsThis study provided scientific support for the combination use of DGE on atherosclerosis and presented one of the first applications of statistical interpretations of the combination effects of the 2-herb formula. |
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Keywords: | DE aqueous extract of root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) GE aqueous extract of root of Pueraria lobata (Gegen) DGE aqueous extract of roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen)&ndash Pueraria lobata (Gegen) in 7:3 (w/w) ratio IMT intima-media thickness vSMC vascular smooth muscle cell PDGF platelet-derived growth factor CI combination index TCM traditional Chinese medicine LPS lipopolysaccharide NO nitric oxide AcLDL acetylated low-density lipoprotein ED50 half maximal effective dose IC50 half maximal inhibitory concentration OxLDL oxidized low-density lipoprotein eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography SAB salvianolic acid B |
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