Longitudinal associations in adolescence between cortisol and persistent aggressive or rule-breaking behavior |
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| Authors: | Evelien Platje Lucres M.C. Jansen Adrian Raine Susan J.T. Branje Theo A.H. Doreleijers Marjan de Vries-Bouw Arne Popma Pol A.C. van Lier Hans M. Koot Wim H.J. Meeus Robert R.J.M. Vermeiren |
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| Affiliation: | 1. VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, PO Box 303, 1115 ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands;2. Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Jerry Lee Center of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, 3809 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;3. Utrecht University, Research Center Adolescent Development, Heidelberglaan 2, Van Unnik Gebouw, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Leiden University, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, PO Box 9520, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;5. VU University, Department of Developmental Psychology, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;6. Curium-Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 15, 2300 AA Leiden, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Although several studies have associated antisocial behavior with decreased cortisol awakening responses (CAR), studies in adolescent samples yielded inconsistent results. In adolescence however, the CAR develops and antisocial behavior is heterogeneous in type and persistence. Therefore this longitudinal study compared persistent aggressive and rule-breaking adolescents to low aggressive and rule-breaking adolescents on the development of the CAR from ages 15 to 17 (N = 390). Persistently high aggressive adolescents showed decreased cortisol levels at awakening consistently over the years (Δχ2(1) = 6.655, p = .01) as compared to low aggressive adolescents. No differences between adolescents showing persistent high rule-breaking and low rule-breaking were found. This longitudinal study is the first to show that persistent aggression, but not rule-breaking behavior, is related to neurobiological alterations. Moreover, despite development of the CAR over adolescence, the decrease in cortisol is consistent over time in persistent high aggressive adolescents, which is an important prerequisite for the prediction of persistent aggression. |
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| Keywords: | Antisocial behavior Aggression Cortisol Hypothalamic&ndash pituitary&ndash adrenal axis Adolescence Longitudinal |
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