上海市区30～74岁居民1989～1999年10年来的饮食结构变化

目的　了解上海市区30～74岁居民1989～1999年10年来的饮食结构变化。方法　从上海市10个市区具有常住户口的居民中，按人口比例抽样，年龄30～74岁，实际完成调查1579人，以中老年人为主。采用统一的调查表上门访问；采用饮食频率调查法，比较15类常见食品的年人均消耗量。结果　1999年与1989年相比，大米、面食、猪肉、牛羊肉及动物油类的年人均消耗量分别下降了20.0%、9.6%、17.6%、20.0%、80.0%；玉米、河海鱼虾、蛋、奶制品、新鲜水果及植物油类的消耗量分别上升了37.0%、9.4%、16.3%、60.9%、53.5%、31.8%；以上变化经检验，差别均有显著性(P＜0.05)。杂粮、家禽肉、豆及其制品、新鲜蔬菜的消耗量，10年来无显著变化。男女分别来看，玉米及家禽肉的消耗量，男性无显著变化，女性分别增加了45.9%和13.4%，差别有显著性(P＜0.05)；牛羊肉、豆及其制品的消耗量，男性分别减少23.2%和增加16.7%，差别有显著性(P＜0.05)，女性均无显著变化。结论　从1989～1999年，上海市中老年人群的饮食结构有较大变化，饮食结构更趋于合理。

The Variation of Diet Structure of the Shanghai Inhabitants Ages from 30 to 74 during the Period of Ten Years from 1989 to 1999

Objective To describe the variation trend of the diet structure of the Shanghai city inhabitants aging from 30 to 74 from 1989 to 1999.Methods Select 1597 healthy permanent registered inhabitants aging from 30 to 74 from the ten urban districts of Shanghai city according to the populoation's proportion.The standard questionnaire and the diet frequency method were used to acquire the data.Paired t-test was used to compare the mean of the personal consumption of the 15 kinds of the usual foods per year.Results Compared with 1989,the mean of personal consumption of rice,flour,pork,beef, mutton and animal fat in 1999 have decreased 20.0%,9.6%,17.6%,20.0%,80.0%respectively.The mean of the consumption of corn,fish, shrimp,eggs,milk,fruit,oil increased 37.0%,9.4%,16.3%,60.9%,53.5%,31.8%respectively.These differences all were significant,the consumption of coarse food grain,fowl,bean and vegetables had no significant changes.For female,the comsumption of corn and fowl increased 45.9% and 13.4%,but had no variation in male.The consumption of beef and mutton in men decreased 23.2%,bean increased 16.7%,but had no variation in women.Conclusions From 1989 to 1999,the diet structure of the Shanghai inhabitants in middle and old age changes greatly and becomes more reasonable.