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Regulatory noncoding RNAs and the major histocompatibility complex
Authors:Nilesh Sunil Chitnis  Mengkai Shieh  Dimitri Monos
Affiliation:1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Abstract:
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a 4 Mbp genomic region located on the short arm of chromosome 6. The MHC region contains many key immune-related genes such as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs). There has been a growing realization that, apart from MHC encoded proteins, RNAs derived from noncoding regions of the MHC—specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)—play a significant role in cellular regulation. Furthermore, regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from other parts of the genome fine-tune the expression of many immune-related MHC proteins. Although the field of ncRNAs of the MHC is a research area that is still in its infancy, ncRNA regulation of MHC genes has already been shown to be vital for immune function, healthy pregnancy and cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of this intricate network of ncRNAs can lead to serious perturbations in homeostasis and subsequent disease.
Keywords:lncRNA  MicroRNA  HLA  MHC  Regulation
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