踝关节后方隐匿性小片骨软骨撕脱骨折的诊断与治疗

[目的]总结踝关节后方隐匿性小片骨软骨撕脱骨折的病例资料,探讨其发生机理、临床特点及治疗。[方法]回顾性分析6例病人的资料。2003年9月~2006年6月共收治6例,男4例,女2例,年龄27~38岁。6例均有明确踝关节扭伤史,无明显骨折脱位而早期行保守治疗,2例未予固定4例予石膏固定3周。所有病例伤后均有踝关节后方持续疼痛及关节处压痛,行走时及静息时均有胀痛感,疼痛可向小腿后方或足底放射。6例病人在受伤当时均未诊断撕脱骨折,伤后4个月~1年入院,X线侧位片可见踝关节后方小骨片影,正位片可不明显,其中4例经CT检查示踝关节后方小片骨折,其部位与临床症状部位一致。6例病人均予手术治疗。根据X线片及CT所示骨折部位选择内后方或外后方入路显露踝关节后方,术中见关节内骨块均为关节囊附着处的小片软骨撕脱,切除骨片,功能位石膏固定踝关节1周后即予下地行走。[结果]6例病人均于手术后症状消失,随访6个月~2年(平均1年4个月)无复发。[结论]踝关节后方小片骨软骨撕脱骨折的临床表现有其特征,但在早期容易漏诊,应引起重视,保守治疗无明显效果,应手术治疗。

Diagnosis and operative treatment of occult osteochondral avulsion fracture of the ankle joint

[Objective] To disuse the traumatic mechanism,clinical feature and treatment of the occult osteochondral avulsion of the posterior ankle joint.[Method]The data of 6 patients had been reviewed.From 2003.9 to 2006.6,6 patients had been treated,including 4 male and 2 female,with the average ages of 31.7 years(27~38 years).They all had injury history of their ankle but no fracture or dislocation had been found in X-ray film immediatey after the trauma.Four of them had been treated by plastic cast fixation of their ankle for 3 weeks,2 received treatment without fixation,but all the patients suffered pain and tenderness in the medial-posterior or the lateral-posterior of the ankle with leg or/and food radiation.The symptoms were persistent even when they were rest.The diagnosis of osteochondrl avulsion fracture had not been made until they were admitted in 4 mouth to 1 year after the injury.The fractured bone debris were showed by X-ray film and CT scan.All patients had been treated by operation of ablating the fractured fragment.[Result]All symptoms in the ankle had disappeared 2~3 days after the operation and no recurrence during 6 mouth to 2 years follow up.[Conclusion]It shoud be attaching importance to the occult osteochondral avulsion in early time after ankle injury,and when the diagnosis is made,operation is the appropriate treatment.