重症监护病房下呼吸道感染的危险因素和预防

目的探讨重症监护病房(ICU)下呼吸道感染的危险因素并提出相应的预防措施.方法对2002年9月～2003年9月612例ICU患者进行前瞻性监测研究,符合医院感染诊断标准的45例患者为感染组,未感染者根据随机列表按1:1作为对照组,采用单因素分析与多因素分析下呼吸道感染的危险因素.结果对15个可能的危险因素进行单因素分析,有8个呈显著差异,再对这8个变量进行Logistic回归分析,结果表明气管切开、机械通气、ICU住院日是下呼吸道感染的独立危险因素.结论控制重症监护病房下呼吸道感染,应针对危险因素,采取相应的预防措施,从而控制和减少感染的发生.

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Intensive Care Unit: Its Risk Factors and Preventive Measure

OBJECTIVE To find out the risk factors and preventive methods of lower respiratory tract infection in intensive care unit. METHODS A prospective study was carried out on 612 patients in intensive care unit (ICU) from Sep 2002 to Sep 2003. Forty five cases who fitted in with the criterion for the diagnosis of hospital infection were chosen as the infection group while non-infective patients without lower respiratory tract infection yielded a 1 : 1 ratio of cases to the control group. The risk factors were studied by means of both single factor analysis and multifactor analysis. RESULTS Of more than 15 possible risk factors that were studied by means of single factor analysis, 8 manifested significant difference. Logistic regression analysis of the 8 variables indicated that tracheostomy, duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of ICU stay were the independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS We must have comprehensive preventive measuses to cope with the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection in intensive care unit.