Anti-snake venom activities of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) against Russell's viper venom: Characterization of piperine as active principle |
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Authors: | PA Shenoy SS Nipate JM Sonpetkar NC Salvi AB Waghmare PD Chaudhari |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society''s Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune-411044, Maharashtra, India;2. Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Pimpri, Pune-411018, Maharashtra, India |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevancePiper longum L. fruits have been traditionally used against snakebites in north-eastern and southern region of India.Aim of the studyTo examine the ability of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L., Piperaceae (PLE) and piperine, one of the main active principles of Piper longum, to inhibit the Russell's viper (Doboia russelii, Viperidae) snake venom activities.Materials and methodsAnti-snake venom activities of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and piperine against Russell's viper venom was studied in embryonated fertile chicken eggs, mice and rats by using various models as follows: inhibition of venom lethal action, inhibition of venom haemorrhagic action (in vitro), inhibition of venom haemorrhagic action (in vivo), inhibition of venom necrotizing action, inhibition of venom defibrinogenating action, inhibition of venom induced paw edema, inhibition of venom induced mast cell degranulation, creatine kinase assay and assay for catalase activity.ResultsPLE was found to inhibit the venom induced haemorrhage in embryonated fertile chicken eggs. Administration of PLE and piperine significantly (p<0.01) inhibited venom induced lethality, haemorrhage, necrosis, defibrinogenation and inflammatory paw edema in mice in a dose dependent manner. PLE and piperine also significantly (p<0.01) reduced venom induced mast cell degranulation in rats. Venom induced decrease in catalase enzyme levels in mice kidney tissue and increase in creatine kinase enzyme levels in mice serum were significantly (p<0.01) reversed by administration of both PLE and piperine.ConclusionsPLE possesses good anti-snake venom properties and piperine is one of the compounds responsible for the effective venom neutralizing ability of the plant. |
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Keywords: | CAM cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 i p intraperitoneal i v intravenous LD50 median lethal dose MDD minimum defibrinogenating dose MED minimum edema dose MHD minimum haemorrhagic dose MND minimum necrotizing dose NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells PLE ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L SHD standard haemorrhagic dose TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 |
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