婴儿血铅与母亲血铅和乳铅等因素的相关性研究

目的了解婴儿血铅与母亲血铅和乳铅等因素的相关关系,为防治儿童铅中毒提供参考依据。方法2002年11至12月,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,测定厦门市177名0～11个月的婴儿及其母亲的血铅,并对小儿出生情况及其母亲、家庭环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果177例婴儿血铅的几何均值为(0.37±0.15)μmol/L,范围为0.12～1.36μmol/L,≥0.48μmol/L者46例(占25.99%);母亲血铅的均值为(0.50±0.14)μmol/L,范围为0.21～2.38μmol/L;177例中有160例为母乳喂养儿,其中105例采集出乳汁,乳铅的几何均值为(0.17±0.08)μmol/L,婴儿血铅与母亲的血铅和乳铅密切相关,表明母体的铅可以通过乳汁影响到婴儿血铅水平。旧商业区婴儿的血铅、婴儿母亲乳铅水平均高于其他地区,婴儿血铅水平主要与母亲血铅、婴儿月龄和母亲在职等呈正相关关系,而与母亲身高等因素呈负相关关系。结论母乳喂养儿的血铅水平除了与母亲血铅水平相关外,还与乳铅密切相关,因此在婴儿喂养方式的选择和家庭抚育行为方面须引起重视。

Correlations of blood lead levels in infant, in maternal blood and in breast milk

OBJECTIVE: To understand the correlation of blood lead levels in infant, in maternal blood and in breast milk as to providing evidence for prevention of potential infant hazard from lead. METHODS: Lead levels were measured by using graphite stove atom absorption spectrographic methods in maternal breast milk, maternal blood and infant blood in infants aged 0 to 11 months and their mothers between November and December 2002 in Xiamen City. Blood samples were collected from both mother and infant's fingertips. Questionnaires were also used to collect information about childbirth, mothers, families and other related environmental factors. RESULTS: All 177 infants and their mothers were enrolled in the study. Infant blood lead levels reached a range from 0.12 micromol/L to 1.36 micromol/L, with a geometric mean (GM) of 0.37 micromol/L. There were 46 infants (21.64%) having blood lead levels over 0.48 micromol/L. And the maternal blood lead levels ranged from 0.21 micromol/L to 2.38 micromol/L (GM = 0.50 micromol/L). Among the 177 infants, 160 (93.8%) were breastfed; breast milk was collected from 105 (63.3%) of these mothers. Infant blood lead level was significantly correlated with the levels of maternal blood lead and breast milk lead, which indicated that maternal blood lead level might influence the infant blood lead levels through the breast milk. Blood lead levels in infants living in old business district and the breast milk lead levels of their mothers were higher than those in any other areas (P < 0.01); partial correlation analysis showed that infant blood lead levels were positively associated with the maternal blood lead level, infant's age and mother's work, and negatively associated with mother's height. CONCLUSION: The infant blood lead levels should not only relate to the maternal blood lead and the breast milk lead levels, so regards should be had to the other environmental factors, when selecting the feeding pattern and family rearing behaviors.