杭州市小学生社会能力与家庭支持的关系研究

目的调查杭州市小学生社会能力的现状,从家庭支持的视角分析其影响因素。方法运用Achenbach儿童行为量表以及自编的家庭支持量表,随机整群抽取842名小学生进行调查。结果小学生社会能力得分17.19±3.47分,女生显著高于男生(P<0.01),其差异主要体现在社交能力、学习能力方面;男生6～11岁组社会能力显著高于12～14岁组(P<0.01),年龄组间差异主要体现在学习能力方面。社会能力的三因子互相关联(P<0.01)。父母对孩子的心理健康重视程度、孩子遇事与父母交流的程度、孩子是否参加俱乐部或小组等团队组织等是影响小学生社会能力的主要家庭支持因素(P均<0.05)。结论重视和加强家庭支持相关要素,对提高小学生社会能力具有重要意义。

An inquiry of the relationship between family support and social ability of primary school students in Hangzhou

Objective The study attempted to investigate the social ability of primary school students in Hangzhou and analyze the influencing factors from the viewpoint of family support.Method With the Achenbach’s social ability scale and method of cluster sampling,a questionnaire survey of 842 pupils was conducted(parents report form).Result The total average score of social ability was 17.19±3.47.Girls achieved significantly higher scores than boys(P<0.01).The difference was mainly displayed in sociality and school achievement.The boys of 6~11 years old group achieved significantly higher scores than the boys of 12~14 years old group,and the difference was mainly displayed in school achievement.The three factors that reflected an individual’s social ability were positively correlated with each other.Parents’ attention on children mental health,the frequency and depth of children’s communication with their parents,and attending club or other teamwork organizations were the major factors influencing the social ability of pupils(P<0.05).Conclusion Strengthening the factor of family support can contribute a lot to the improvement of a primary school student’s social ability.