不同出生胎龄早产儿生长发育趋势分析

目的 探讨不同出生胎龄的早产儿在纠正月龄24个月以内的体格、运动及智能发育趋势,为早产儿早期干预提供理论依据。方法 将不同出生胎龄的早产儿分为两组(≥32周组的中晚期早产儿组及＜32周组的早期早产儿组),统一对他们进行定期随访,在特定的纠正月龄(6 、12、18、24)进行体格、运动及智能发育评定,并观察他们的运动及智能发育在两岁以内的生长发育趋势。结果 1)体格发育两组早产儿在纠正6月龄的体重、身长及头围的构成比差异均有统计学意义,体重构成比的差异持续至纠正12月龄; 2)运动发育指数(psychomotor developmental index,PDI)两组早产儿的PDI在纠正6、12月龄均明显低于85分,早期早产儿组的差距更大,纠正18月龄后两组早产儿无需纠正均可达85分以上;3)智能发育指数(mental developmental index,MDI)两组早产儿的MDI在纠正6、12、18月龄均明显低于85分,早期早产儿组的差距更大,纠正24月龄时MDI无需矫正两组早产儿均可达85分以上。结论 早期早产儿组在1岁以内的体格发育存在追赶不足的问题,体重表现的较明显,建议加强早期早产儿组的早期营养强化;两组早产儿纠正24月龄以内的运动及智能发育水平明显低于同龄儿,而在纠正24月龄时均能赶上同龄儿,两组早产儿的运动及智能发育在纠正24月龄内均呈现追赶发育趋势。

Analysis of the growth and development Trend of different gestational age preterm infants.

Objective To investigate the physical,motor and intelligent development trend of premature infants of different ages until 24 months old,and to provide a basic theory for early intervening premature infants. Methods A total of 82 premature infants were divided into two groups (more than or equal to 32 weeks in late preterm infants group and less than 32 weeks in early preterm infants group),and followed up regularly.The premature infants' physical,motor and intelligent developments were assessed at 6,12,18,24 corrected months. Results 1)Physical development had statistically differences between two groups at 6 months of age on weight,length and head circumference.The weight component ratio difference was continued until to corrected age of 12 months.2)Psychomotor developmental index (PDI) of two groups in corrected age of 6 and 12 months were significantly less than 85 points,and the gap to 85 points of early preterm group was bigger,while both of them were up to 85 or more points without correction at 18 months corrected age.3)Mental developmental index (MDI) of two groups in corrected age of 6,12 and 18 months were significantly less than 85 points,and the gap to 85 points of early preterm group was bigger,while both of them were up to 85 or more points without correction at 24 months corrected age. Conclusions Catch-up growth of early preterm infants within a year was not enough and the weight is outstanding.It recommends strengthening early fortified group of preterm infants.Motor and intelligence development level in the two groups within corrected age of 24 months was obviously lower than children of the same age,and they can catch up with children of the same age at the corrected age of 24 months.Motor and intelligence development of premature infants in two groups showed a catch-up development trend within corrected age of 24 months.