Glioma heterogeneity in vitro: the significance of growth factors and gangliosides

Despite renewed attempts by the WHO at updating the system of classification for brain tumours, most of the dynamic biological processes which underlie both the morphological appearances which form the basis for such systems and the malignant potential of gliomas remain an enigma to the neuropathologist. One feature recognized in human gliomas is their phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Such cellular heterogeneity seen in the histological section is retained in vitro, at least during early passage. It is proposed that this heterogeneity is important in the growth and maintenance of the tumour and may be related to the activity of growth factors and gangliosides. Such molecules may not only influence the histoarchitecture of glial neoplasms but may also determine malignant progression and invasive potential. Moreover, there may be an intimate relationship between growth factors and gangliosides constituting an intricate feedback mechanism upon which the biological progression of gliomas depends.