黄花蒿酚类物质及其抗氧化活性对施肥的响应

研究施肥对黄花蒿Artemisia annua根、茎、叶总多酚、东莨菪内酯、猫眼草酚、猫眼草黄素的含量、累积量及其抗氧化活性的影响,为提高黄花蒿产量、质量和科学施肥提供理论依据.采用盆栽试验,设置不同施肥处理,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和紫外-可见分光光度法测定现蕾期根、茎、叶中的上述有效成分,以及提取物对DPPH·自由基的清除率.在黄花蒿体内,总多酚、东莨菪内酯、猫眼草酚和猫眼草黄素的分布趋势:叶＞茎＞根.黄花蒿的抗氧化活性与总多酚、东莨菪内酯、猫眼草酚、猫眼草黄素之间均呈显著正相关.施肥显著促进黄花蒿生长,纯施无机肥肥、纯施有机肥和有机无机配施的生物量比不施肥分别增加57.37％,91.63％,92.27％.施肥尤其是有机无机配施通常能提高黄花蒿总多酚、猫眼草酚和猫眼草黄素的含量和累积量,以及DPPH·自由基清除率.东莨菪内酯、猫眼草酚、猫眼草黄素主要在叶片中合成和储存,是主要的药用器官.在黄花蒿施肥实践中,提倡有机无机配施,可提高黄花蒿产量和质量,增加药农收入.

Effect of fertilization on phenolic components and antioxidant activities of Artemisia annua

Objective: A pot experiment with variable fertilizer treatments was carried out to study the influence of fertilization on the concentration and accumulation of polyphenols, scopoletin, chrysosplenol-D and chrysosplenetin in roots, stems and leaves and their antioxidant activities. The main aims were to fertilize scientifically in cultivation of Artemisia annua and improve the quality of the harvest organs. Method: These active components in leaves, stems and roots in the squaring stage were analyzed by HPLC and antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by ultraviolet visible light colorimetric method. Result: The result showed the highest concentration of polyphenols, scopoletin, chrysosplenol-D and chrysosplenetin was in leaves, followed by stems and the lowest in roots. The antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts correlated positively with the concentrations of polyphenols, scopoletin, chrysosplenol-D and chrysosplenetin. Furthermore, fertilization promoted significantly the growth of A. annua, the biomass was increased by 57.37% (chemical fertilizer), 91.63% (mixture of chemical fertilizer and manure) and 92.27% (manure), respectively, compared to the blank control (without fertilizer). Fertilization, particularly mixture fertilization of chemical fertilizer and manure, increased generally the concentration and accumulation of polyphenols, scopoletin, chrysosplenol-D and chrysosplenetin as well as DPPH·scavenging ratio. Conclusion: Scopoletin, chrysosplenol-D and chrysosplenetin could be synthesized and stored mainly in leaves. The leaves might thus be the chief organ of A. annua for medical treatment. Finally, the mixture fertilization of chemical fertilizer and manure should be used to increase the yield and quality of A. annua.